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Law and Politics
In chapter two of Real Gangstas, Lauger describes how most young people do not join gangs. He suggests that only about five percent of youths have ever been in a gang, only two percent are...
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Law and Politics
In chapter 2 of Street Gang Patterns (Oxford University Press, 2010), Klein and Maxson report statistics on gang arrest profiles in 1994. Their evidence suggests that the relationship between gang...
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Law and Politics
In the second stage of the analysis, the authors looked at whether there was empirical evidence to back up the contrast in attitudes among the three groups of police officers (pro, meaning those...
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Law and Politics
This article, which is from 1994, discuses the effects of what the author calls "demographic, environmental, and societal stress" caused by disease, overpopulation, crime, the emergence of private...
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Law and Politics
Important theories in the field of international relations include the following: Realism: this theory posits that in a dangerous world, states have one goal--self-preservation through enhancing...
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Law and Politics
Police departments all across the country have policies dealing with how to handle protests and demonstrations. In New York City, the policy is to try to protect the First Amendment rights of all...
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Law and Politics
In their scholarly article “Exploring the Impact of Police Officer Education Level on Allegations of Police Misconduct,” (International Journal of Police Science and Management, December 1,...
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Law and Politics
This article examines how a police officer's level of education and experience affects their use of coercion. The authors look at previous studies which examined the effect of college education on...
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Law and Politics
This article, by Alexander B. Smith, Bernard Locke, and William F. Walker, was written in 1969. The article built on research that examined the difference between police officers with college...
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Law and Politics
It is beneficial for police academy students to get a college degree because a college education provides future officers with critical thinking and communication skills that will help them on the...
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Law and Politics
Police officers are law enforcement officials. They exist to protect the citizenry and to enforce laws. Those laws, with occasional notable exceptions (notable because the United States Supreme...
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Law and Politics
Many new immigrants to the United States are fleeing persecution at home. Many of these immigrants come to the United States with very little and are vulnerable to people who would try to take...
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Law and Politics
Kotter's Eight-Stage Change Process emphasizes both the individual and collective steps necessary in change. He believes that about 75% of people in management in an organization have to believe...
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Law and Politics
In recent years, the New York Police Department (NYPD) has come under fire for pressuring victims to downgrade the crimes they report. For example, the police have reportedly asked women to report...
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Law and Politics
A 2012 study by criminologist Eli Silverman and retired police captain John Eterno found evidence of widespread crime report manipulation amongst NYPD officers. The officers downgraded crimes and...
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Law and Politics
The student’s question implies an acknowledgement that manipulation of crime reporting statistics has occurred within the New York City Police Department and that instructions and pressures from...
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Law and Politics
There are many causes of juvenile delinquency, ranging from environmental factors to physiological variables. Saint Leo University’s six core values can be applied to the study of juvenile...
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Law and Politics
Violence is definitely a major component of life in a street gang. For many gangs, initiation into the group entails violence, with prospective members forced to conduct physically brutal acts...
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Law and Politics
After 1994, crime in New York City declined precipitously, and—according to Eric Silverman, author of NYPD Battles Crime—the New York City Police (NYPD) has been credited with this double-digit...
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Law and Politics
If one draws one's opinion regarding the manner in which crime victims are routinely treated by the New York City Police Department from Andrew Karmen's essay titled "How the NYPD Handles Crime...
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Law and Politics
The program described in the link below is one way in which the New York City Police Department (NYPD) is attempting to change their own behavior and that of young people in the city. Through this...
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Law and Politics
During the 1990s, New York City Police Commissioner William Bratton championed a "stop and frisk" policy that allowed police officers to stop and search people without having probable cause....
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Law and Politics
COMPSTAT was, according to news reports on its use, a "statistical system for tracking crime" that was introduced in New York City in 1994. For one thing, this system used sophisticated statistical...
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Law and Politics
New York City for many years was among the most violent cities in the country. The most populous city in the United States, it would not be surprising that it had a crime rate commensurate with the...
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Law and Politics
Ironically, Frank Serpico became a target of violence among his fellow officers. They became suspicious of him because he was honest and wished to remain so. Since he refused to take any money,...
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Law and Politics
There are many past events that continue to affect the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Perhaps one of the most important is the NYPD's involvement in the September 11, 2001, terrorist...
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Law and Politics
The advantages of the CompStat information technology system (in use with the New York City Police Department since 1994) far outweigh the disadvantages. Since then-and-now Police Commissioner...
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Law and Politics
Chapter 4 details the policies of New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, who took office in 1994, and his police commissioner, William Bratton. Giuliani and Bratton "wanted to present to the public...
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Law and Politics
Handguns are, by definition, small and easily concealed. They are also a factor in a large percentage of crimes committed across the United States. The National Institute of Justice had this to say...
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Law and Politics
Frank Serpico was a New York City police officer during the late 1960s and early 1970s, a period of time during which corruption was endemic throughout the department. More than patrol officers,...
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Law and Politics
Some laws regarding the care of LEP (Limited English Proficiency) patients are: 1) Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. This is a federal law which states that health providers must not...
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Law and Politics
The movie Serpico is about the corruption in the NYPD. The police officers take bribes and engage in excessive violence but Serpico refuses to join in. When the other officers realize that Serpico...
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Law and Politics
The history of the world is, unfortunately, the history of war. Since the evolution of man—or, the dawn of man—there has been conflict. There have been conflicts over scarce resources like...
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Law and Politics
When government enacts a new law or regulation, it often has a different effect from what was initially intended. Some of these outcomes can be positive. For example, there has been a great deal of...
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Law and Politics
The New York City Police Department (NYPD) has a long and distinguished history in the nation's most populous city. It also, unfortunately, has a long and infamous history of wide-spread corruption...
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Law and Politics
Policy making is critical to the democratic process, as it determines which issues are put before the public and the media, and which issues will gain attention and possibly result in new...
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Law and Politics
There are many stakeholders in the political sphere, including not only voters in certain constituencies but also unions, large corporations, associations of corporations such as the Chamber of...
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Law and Politics
The story about the siting of Pocatello's womens prison reinforces the principles of pluralism and elitism. The author makes the point that politics, rather than rationality, is the main driver of...
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Law and Politics
A logic model generally contains the following four elements: the inputs for a program: what will make it work, including money, personnel, etc. activities: which activities, such as training, are...
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Law and Politics
Given the current state of the country in which a President can be elected without winning the popular vote, I would change the U.S. Constitution to abolish the electoral college. States would no...
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Law and Politics
There are so many key cases from which to choose. However, one of the most significant court cases, both in terms of its perpetual relevance and its impact in its time, is the Brown v. the Board of...
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Law and Politics
The Constitution was a delicate balance between the needs of the states and the need for more power for the federal government. The Founding Fathers were aware of the need for a stronger federal...
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Law and Politics
Federal regulations are rules and standards that have been adopted by certain administrative agencies; they are not laws, but they certainly have had a considerable impact upon all American...
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Law and Politics
Certainly, the executive branch was the subject of Article II, from which it is not unreasonable to infer that the legislative branch, as Article I, was meant to be more important and possibly more...
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Law and Politics
While it's true that public safety is a large line item in municipal budgets, it does not necessarily mean that money earmarked for these programs should be the first place administrators look when...
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Law and Politics
As membership in private unions has declined over the past several decades, membership in public unions has grown. In 2009, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that there were more unionized...
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Law and Politics
While I cannot provide you with your own opinion, I can at least share some thoughts on the subject in order to help you formulate your own ideas. One of the main ways to stop terrorists or agents...
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Law and Politics
One type of murder is the medical murderer, a type of serial killer who uses his or her position in the medical field and access to lethal drugs to kill victims. Generally, this type of killer is...
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Law and Politics
In a report from the Council of State Governments Justice Center using a sample of local jails, 16.9 percent of the incarcerated adults had a mental illness. This is a much higher percentage than...
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Law and Politics
This book asks several ethical and philosophical questions about terrorism, including why terrorism is wrong and why moral condemnations of terrorism are lacking in credibility. The author begins...