The English language uses many processes of word formation, so probably your question refers to the main processes, plural. These include compounding, blending and the related analogy, and acronyms. Compounding is the combination of two nouns to form another. Usually it is written as a single word. Example: “carport.”

Blending is the combination of parts of two words to create a new word with a different meaning, or coinage. One author who notably coined many words is Lewis Carroll, especially in his poem “Jabberwocky.” Example: “Slithy” usually considered to blend “slimy” and “lithe.” Others pronounce it with a short I, however, claiming “slither” is a component.

Analogy substitutes a portion of a term for one related to it, such as “mocktail” for “cocktail.”

Acronyms are sets of initials, and they then are used as words. Example: “scuba,” an acronym for “self-contained underwater breathing apparatus.”

Word formation is the creation of a new word. Common processes of word formation include , eponym formation, blending, backformation and agglutination. Eponym formation is the use of a proper name in a new word, typically an adjective. The word "Orwellian" is an eponym formation related to the author and political philosopher George Orwell. Blending is the combination of two or more words into a new word. The word smog" is a blended form of "smoke" and "fog." Backformation is taking away prefixes or suffixes to create a new word. Agglutination is adding prefixes or suffixes to create a new word. New words can also enter the English language through other langauges. These words are called loanwords. Most English loanwords are taken from Romance languages. Words like cafe, chic, and pizza fall into this category.