In the first half of the 1900s, there were an array of movements that you could call anti-colonial. You could also call them decolonization. Their aim was to overthrow colonial powers. They envisioned a world in which the natural-born peoples of the given countries govern themselves and make their own laws.

In 1916, there was the Easter Rising in Ireland. This uprising was developed by the Irish Republican Brotherhood. While the uprising did not lead to independence from Ireland, it did help bring many more people into the movement for independence. The unduly, inaccurate force of the British also reinforced Irish people's contempt for them.

England faced more troubles with its colonies in other parts of the world. In 1918, Egyptian politicians demanded England cease their claim over their country and let Egyptians rule themselves. When England declined their request, Egyptians revolted. Around four years later, England recognized Egypt's independence.

You could compare England's recognition of Egypt's independence with their continuing rule over Ireland. You could analyze why England did not grant Ireland independence. Perhaps it's because Ireland's status as a colony proper is debatable. Maybe it's due to Ireland's proximity to England. It might also have to do with race.

I'd be remiss not to tell you about the anti-colonial movements happening in the United States. During the early 1900s, Marcus Garvey was promoting a strong anti-colonial vision for Africa. He was famous for saying African for Africans.

Garvey wanted European countries out of Africa. He championed an end to all of the boundaries and different territories that the European colonial powers created. He wanted one unified Africa that could provide a safe haven for Black people in the United States and around the world.

Meanwhile, Hubert Harrison was advocating a separate African-American state within the United States.

Again, in all of the above examples, you could see a vision of life in which the country is ruled and governed by people actually who live in it, reflect their culture, and are looking out for their best interest.