artistic illustration of a Grecian urn set against a backdrop of hills and columns

Ode on a Grecian Urn

by John Keats

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Beauty Is Truth Truth Beauty

In "Ode on a Grecian Urn," what do these lines mean? "Beauty is truth, truth beauty,—that is all / Ye know on Earth, and all ye need to know." Are they spoken by the narrator or the urn?

These lines from "Ode on a Grecian Urn" mean that beauty and truth are the same, because both put us in touch with the eternal. Other than that, these concepts shouldn't be overthought. A surface reading is that the urn makes the statement about truth, and the statement being in quotes emphasizes this. But, in fact, the speaker is putting his own words into the mouth of the urn.

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The famous last lines of Keats's poem have been the subject of heated critical debate for over two hundred years. As such, we're not going to be able to settle the matter of their meaning here and now.

However, one can nonetheless offer up a possible interpretation, one that has gained a fair amount of critical consensus over the years. The final words of the “Ode” are spoken by the urn. The urn is saying to humankind the only thing that it, along with all other works of art, can say: “Beauty is truth, truth beauty.”

This is because a work of art, though the product of a particular culture and historical epoch, has the remarkable ability to transcend the time and place in which it was produced. Even though the Grecian urn is thousands of years old, it can still speak to Keats as it has done to many, many people over the years. It can only do this because it is an embodiment of timeless truths that will continue to speak to humanity so long as humanity exists upon this earth.

In Platonic terms, Beauty and Truth—note the capitalizations—are not relative to a specific society or historical era. They are ideas, eternal absolutes that find their embodiment in great works of art such as the Grecian urn in the poem. Such absolute ideals are all that we on earth ultimately know. In other words, true knowledge, according to Plato, is only derived from ideas like Beauty and Truth.

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The lines

Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou [you] say'st,
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,—that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know"
occur at the end of the poem. In this stanza, the speaker is coming back down to reality after having experienced a period of ecstatic identification with the urn. Earlier in the poem, he describes that and expresses his desire to be one of the figures on the urn, forever young, forever in love, forever in springtime.
As he come "down," the speaker reestablishes the distance between himself and the urn. He is not going to achieve union with the urn. However, thinking more soberly, he says that the beautiful urn "tease[s]" him out of "thought" in the same way as "eternity" (death). What he means is that while he was contemplating the urn, he lost all sense of self and lived in the timelessness of the eternal.
He then tells the urn that it will remain a "friend," a comfort, in moments of sadness. He says in the quote that the urn reveals to him that truth and beauty are the same thing in that both bring us to the same peak of self-forgetting. Truth is eternal and unchanging and so is beauty. Beyond that, there is no point in overthinking the impact of beauty by trying too hard to intellectualize it.
As for who is speaking, this is...

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tricky. The speaker wants us to believe it is the urn speaking to him. He says "thou" [you, the urn] sayest [say] and then puts the statement about beauty and truth in quotation marks to emphasize that these are the words of the urn. So on a surface level, yes, the urn is speaking. However, the speaker istelling the urn what it is saying to him.
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In brief: Art has the power to communicate the truth of human experience. 

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The line in question is somewhat difficult to explicate, but when taken in context of the rest of the poem, Keats seems to be suggesting that the urn presents a set of messages. Taken together these messages can be identified as truth -- or the conclusive notions taken away from images of life that function as a comment on the nature of that life. 

One way to paraphrase the line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is to say that art conveys human knowledge and insights better than any other conveyance of meaning (better than science, perhaps, or better than music).

The urn, after all, is depicting human life in various stages and engaged in various tasks. Youth and joy and sacrifice and, thus, religion are all represented. Furthermore, these ideas are presented in such a way as to maintain their mystery and their enigmatic significance. None of the magic of these aspects of life is lost when represented on the urn.

A repeated suggestion in the poem is that by not speaking and by maintaining an allegiance with silence, the urn is capable of articulating both the substance of life and its more mysterious nature.

Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness,
       Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,
Sylvan historian, who canst thus express
       A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme
Thus a connection is implied that the urn, an example of beauty/art, is uniquely capable of expressing the "flowery tale" of human life. 
As to who "speaks" the line about beauty, Keats seems to be offering a voice to the urn at this point. The poet "speaks" the line but does so in a way that he is standing in for the urn and uttering the message that he feels the urn has to offer man. 
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st...
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Opinions are divided whether this is Keats' or the urn's comment. Due to the punctuation of the lines, it is conceivable Keats is declaring that beauty is the only time that a subject's true inner nature truly revealed.

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The urn speaks these lines to mankind. They address an age old philosophical question: what is truth? The lines mean that rather than seeking the answer to this question in pure reason, we should seek it in beauty: that beauty is the truest thing humanity can experience.

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Please explain the following quote from "Ode on a Grecian Urn": "Beauty is Truth, truth beauty - that is all/Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know."

Critics through the ages have been troubled by these last two lines of this wonderful Ode, as they seem on the surface at least to have very little to do with the rest of the poem and the depiction on the scenes of this Grecian urn that Keats so powerfully visualises for the reader. However, it is clear through this statement that Keats is actually making quite a philosophical comment about truth and beauty. One way in which this statement can be interpreted is to consider that the scenes on the urn are true and beautiful because they are frozen in history and therefore separate from the messy reality of day to day living. Note how the final two lines are mentioned in a context that draws the reader's attention to the eternal nature of art contrasted with the ephemeral nature of human experience:

When old age shall this generation waste, Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st, "Beauty is truth, truth beauty"---that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.

The Grecian urn becomes a powerful symbol of permanence when compared with the mortal lives of humans, and Keats therefore uses this urn as a symbol of beauty because it is self-contained and frozen in time. By contrast, the lives and experiences of humans are never self-contained and constantly lack answers. The poem therefore points towards a divide between art and experience, and suggests that such truth and beauty can never be fully captured in real life. Humans are left to appreciate such flawless truth and beauty in the form of art alone.

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In the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn"  - closing lines?In the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn" - the closing lines, 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty.' That is all / ye know on earth and all ye need to know" - I am curious as to what they actually mean. For instance, who is speaking and to whom? If the lines are spoken by the urn, then who is it speaking too? What would be its point? But, could these lines be spoken to the actual urn, how does that in turn change the effect of the lines?    

I wonder if there are any other two lines that are debated so much.  The closing couplet to the poem is really profound.  There will be no easy answers here and I strongly advise you to take what you find here, what you find in your class discussions/ notes, your instructor's analysis, and, most importantly, your own perceptions and merge them together in understanding the last two lines.  I think that the context of the poem of Keats staring at this urn and the beauty within it is important.  The urn is the launching pad for the philosophical ideas and the inquiry that Keats explores in the poem.  The challenge here though is that Keats struggles to make the leap between what is happening in the urn and the world outside of it.  Art has the advantage of being cloistered in one moment in frozen time.  The beauty of the urn is suspended because it is within art.  As an artist, Keats was driven with the idea of how can art's perfection be something within the grasp of the real world.  Probably more than any other Romantic thinker, Keats was animated with a sense of this notion of artistic and aesthetic perfection in his work.  How does he, as an artist, create a realm that transcends frozen conditions and brings out the essence of truth and beauty?  How does one move from mere abstraction to actual replication of such elements?  His closing lines might be a way for him to attempt to make peace with the fact that elements of truth and beauty might lie beyond his grasp, beyond anyone's, and simply exist as a realm for us to wish to enter, where "angels dare to tread."  It is almost as if the last lines create a sweet pain of consciousness where we know that we will never be able to create such elements in our art, but rather to simply behold them and bask in their presence is enough.  When Keats sees the beauty and truth of the urn, it fills him with enough satisfaction to be able to appreciate and express that he can feel such an experience.  This subjective conception of supposedly objective ideals is consistent with Romantic tendencies.  At the same time, the closing lines help to bring out the "negative capability" that is such a part of Keats' work and Romanticism in its response to the Enlightenment period's affirmation of scientific inquiry.  The idea that there are realms where we, as human beings, must be content with the unknown is something that Romantics, and especially Keats, advocated, and the closing couplet to the poem might be a statement in this light, as well.

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In the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn"  - closing lines?In the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn" - the closing lines, 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty.' That is all / ye know on earth and all ye need to know" - I am curious as to what they actually mean. For instance, who is speaking and to whom? If the lines are spoken by the urn, then who is it speaking too? What would be its point? But, could these lines be spoken to the actual urn, how does that in turn change the effect of the lines?    

With the ode as a meditation upon the images of the Grecian urn, the final lines present a paradox. For the urn - the "ye" of Keats's apostrophe--beauty is truth as the "Fair youth," for instance, will always remain so; he does not exist beyond the unthinking state of nature.  "Truth is beauty" is so since there is no existence for art beyond the beauty.

However,--and here lies the contradiction-- for humans, beauty cannot be preserved and, therefore, be truth.  There is, instead, some existential despair here as beauty can only exist in an artificial state. Yet, if the reader goes beyond this remonstrance of Keats, he/she will that the final lines of Keats liberates man to be imperfect.  And, imperfection causes all human beings to make and remake art, one form dies and one lives with each rebirth of art, which is a common theme in Romantic poetry.

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In the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn"  - closing lines?In the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn" - the closing lines, 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty.' That is all / ye know on earth and all ye need to know" - I am curious as to what they actually mean. For instance, who is speaking and to whom? If the lines are spoken by the urn, then who is it speaking too? What would be its point? But, could these lines be spoken to the actual urn, how does that in turn change the effect of the lines?    

Interesting questions.  I have always assumed that the speaker looking at the urn was addressing the urn...that the truth is in the stories depicted on the side of the urn and that the beauty of these scenes has been captured there forever.  As long as the urn survives and is able to share its stories with the onlooker, the truth and beauty is there to be taken in and enjoyed.  If the urn is the speaker, then again, it is addressing humanity in that there is truth and beauty in life and some glimpses of it have been captured on the sides of the urn itself. This would translate to happiness and satisfaction in the joy--truth and beauty--that we experience daily.  It is all we need to know, if we can indeed slow down enough to recognize it when we see it.

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