Find approximate solutions to  `x^3y +xy - y =0`  by substituting `x = e^t`

Expert Answers

An illustration of the letter 'A' in a speech bubbles

We have `x^3y + xy-y = 0`

A trivial solution is `y=0``x in RR`

Otherwise we need to solve

`x^3 + x - 1 =0`

Draw the graph

 

The only real (`x in RR`) solution to this is positive,

therefore we can let  `x = e^t` , which is always positive.

Use a Taylor series approximation to the function `f(t) = e^(3t) + e^t -1`

Now, using standard Taylor series approximations

`e^(3t) approx 1 + 3t + (3t)^2/2`    and

`e^t approx 1 + t + t^2/2`

Therefore `e^(3t) + e^t -1 approx 2 + 4t + (10t^2)/2 -1 = 1 +4t + 5t^2`

We now want to solve

`5t^2 + 4t + 1 approx 0` 

Using the quadratic formula

`implies`  `t approx (-4 +- sqrt(16 - 20))/10 = -2/5 + r`

If the solution is real (it must be to insure `x` is real) and unique then `r approx 0`

and we have that `t approx -2/5`

`implies`  `x approx e^(-2/5) = 0.67`

Check

`x^3 + x -1 approx 0.67^3 +0.67 -1 = -0.028`

which is approximately zero.

 

Therefore ` `the possible solutions are

`y=0`, `x in RR`  or `x approx 0.67`,`y in RR`

 

See eNotes Ad-Free

Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts.

Get 48 Hours Free Access
Approved by eNotes Editorial Team