Weather determines our existence - how much rainfall, lngth of the growing season, amount of sunlight, length of the winter, depth of the snowpack. All of it. Even frequency of hurricanes and snowstorms affect where and how we can live.
There are so many ways to answer this question that I can only hope you are ready to sift through the many paths posed. I would say that weather can impact earth through crop production and basic sustenance. Farmers all over the world are dependent on the natural conditions of climate and weather to ensure bountiful harvests and the generating of profit. Another way weather impacts earth is through mere rainfall. Some areas of the earth might have to endure periods of weather where there is too much rainfall and others, not enough. Enduring this could be another example of how weather affects Earth. The generation of tropical storms and hurricanes is another way in which weather impacts Earth. Hurricans like Katrina and Andrew demonstrated the profound effect weather can have on people and their lives.
Weather affects the inhabitants of Earth more than it affects the planet itself. Whole civilizations have sprung up and died because of the effects of the weather over the millenia.
Seventy-three percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water, and that water is continually moving through what is commonly called "The Water Cycle". This cycle is what fuels our weather and determines the various climates and biomes of the planet. It determines where, how, and why people live where they do. It determines their mode of dress, what type of house they live in, the food they eat, and even the length of their life span.
Without water, man cannot survive. Our creator has given us our marvelous weather system to not only provide life-giving water to us all, but to remind us of His goodness and matchless power. Even atheists will have to admit of the grandeur and awesome power of the forces that have shaped our plant, made it what it is, and that continue to shape it in the future!
This is such a big question that it is practically impossible to answer. Perhaps you can look at this answer and then ask a more specific question...
In a sense, weather does not affect the Earth as a planet. The Earth continues to orbit the Sun and spin on its axis regardless of what kind of weather is happening.
Weather does, of course, affect various landforms on the Earth. Blowing wind can shape rocks by erosion. Storms can change the shape of coastlines. In this way, weather can change the shape of landforms.
More importantly, weather affects the biosphere -- the environment that allows life to exist. Changes in the weather can have an impact on what plants and animals can survive in a given place, for example.
Perhaps you can write an answer of your own here and clarify your question...
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