"how can we better understand a text through the wiew point of various prospective"  its an essential question

A literary text is usually a complex thing. A reader can look at it in terms of its form, its structure, how the elements are put together to make a meaningful whole. A reader can delve into the historical backgound of a text, when and where it was written, and more specifically into the known facts of the writer's life. Some readers even look into the psychology of the writer and find details of that inner life exposed in the literary text. Other readers who have studied economics and the class struggle in the writer's society look at those struggles as they are dramatized in the text. Some readers carefully watch their own responses to details of the text and look at a literary work as something designed to evoke various intellectual, emotional ande spiritual responses. All these view points and more can deepen our understanding of a literary text.