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Describe how the graph of each of the following functions can be obtained from the graph of y = f(x). a. y = -2f(x – 1) + 3  b. y = 2f(-3x + 12)

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First, lets consider the general case: y=af(b(x-h))+k with parent function y=f(x) . a: This parameter performs a vertical dilation/compression (stretch or shrink vertically). Also, if a<0, then the parent function is reflected across the horizontal axis.(If the function is periodic, a affects the amplitude) b: This parameter performs a horizontal dilation/compression. In addition, if b<0 the parent function is reflected across the vertical axis.(If the function is periodic, b affects the period and frequency) h: This parameter performs a horizontal translation (shifts the function left/right) k: This parameter performs a vertical translation (shifts up/down) (1) y=-2f(x-1)+3 . Here a=-2,b=1,h=1,k=3. Thus the parent function f(x) is reflected across the x-axis, stretched by a factor of 2, shifted right 1 unit, and shifted up 3 units. Example: If y=x^2 is the parent function then y=-2(x-1)^2+3 is the transformed function. The original is a parabola with vertex (0,0) and opening up. The transformed graph is a parabola, vertex at (1,3), opening down. Also the transformed graph is stretched vertically -- the original points (1,1) and (2,4) get mapped to (2,1) and (3,-5) respectively. (2) y=-2f(-3x+12) or y=-2f(-3(x+4)) Here a=-2,b=-3,h=-4,k=0. The parent function is reflected across the x-axis and streched vertically by a factor of 2. Then the graph is reflected over the y-axis, and compressed horizontally by a factor of 3. The resulting graph is then shifted 4 units left. ** Note that the vertical dilation is a stretch if |a|>1 and a compression if |a|<1; but the horizontal dilation is a compression if |b|>1, and a stretch if |b|<1. See link below to try an interactive version to see these transformations. **

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Describe how the graph of each of the following functions can be obtained from the graph of y = f(x). a. y = -2f(x – 1) + 3 b. y = 2f(-3x + 12)

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