Umar ibn Said Tal
Umar ibn Said Tal (or al-Hajj Umar or Umar Tal ) ( c. 1797 – 1864 )Muslim ruler of a state in Mali ( 1848 – 64 ). Born among the Tukolor people, he established the Tukolor empire. He set out on the pilgrimage to Mecca c. 1820 , where he was designated caliph for Black Africa. He established himself in the Senegal River area and in 1854 proclaimed a jihad (holy war) against all pagans. He created a vast Tukolor empire, but failed to win many converts. He became a harsh ruler. In 1863 he captured Timbuktu but soon lost it to a combined force of Fulani and Tuaregs. He was killed in 1864 but the Tukolor empire survived until 1897 , ruled by...
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