Saladin

Saladin (Arabic name Salah-ad-Din Yusuf ibn-Ayyub ) ( 1137 – 93 )
Sultan of Egypt and Syria ( 1174 – 93 ). He invaded the Holy Land and reconquered Jerusalem from the Christians ( 1187 ), and, for a period, resisted the Third Crusade, the leaders of which included Richard I (the Lionheart) . He was later defeated by Richard at Arsuf ( 1191 ) and withdrew to Damascus, where he died.