Marx, Karl

Marx, Karl ( Heinrich Marx ) ( 1818 – 83 )
German political philosopher and economist, resident in England from 1849 . The founder of modern communism, he collaborated with Engels in the writing of the Communist Manifesto ( 1848 ). Thereafter Marx spent much of his time enlarging the theory of this pamphlet into a series of books, the most important being the three-volume Das Kapital. The first volume of this appeared in 1867 and the remainder was completed by Engels and published after Marx's death ( 1885 ; 1894 ). See Marxism .