- samurai
- San Francisco Conference
- San Jacinto, Battle of
- San Marino
- San Martín, José de
- sanctuary
- Sandinista Liberation Front
- Sandino, César Augusto
- Sanhedrin
- Sankaracharya
- sansculotte
- Santa Anna, Antonio López de
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Saracens
- Saratoga campaign
- Sarekat Islam
- Sargon I
- Sargon II
- Saro-Wiwa, Ken(ule) Beeson
- Sassanian empire
- Satavahana
- Sato Eisaku
- satrap
- satyagraha
- Saud
- Saudi Arabia
- Savage, Michael Joseph
- Savonarola, Girolamo
- Saxe, Maurice, Comte de
- Saxons
