• Life as a European shopkeeper
• Starting over in America
• The road to California
• The settlement of New Helvetia
• Sutter's empire
• Gold on the American River!
• Gold rush disaster
• The Transforming Power of the Gold Rush
• For More Information

Born February 15, 1803

Kandern, Germany

Died June 18, 1880

Washington, D.C.

Pioneer

"I have been robbed and ruined by lawyers and politicians.... my cattle were driven off by hungry gold-seekers; my fort and mills were deserted and left...