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The Two Faces of Islam (Magill’s Literary Annual 1991-2005)

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Stephen Schwartz offers a history of Islam that delineates the divergence of fundamentalist Wahhabism from the religion’s mainstream tradition of tolerance and pluralism. He defines the two faces of modern Islam this way: “On one side [in Kosovo], there was the bright aspect of Sufi traditionalism . . . always committed to the defense of human dignity. On the other was the ugly visage of Wahhabi fundamentalism, narrow, rigid, tyrannical, separatist, supremacist, and violent.”

Muhammad (“the glorified”) ibn Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib was born in 570 in Mecca. The...

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