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ISSN 0276-8178
Volume 128
Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism
Criticism of the Works of Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers, and Other Creative Writers Who Lived between 1900 and 1999, from the First Published Critical Appraisals to Current Evaluations
Janet Witalec Project Editor
Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 128
Project Editor
Janet Witalec
Editorial
Jenny Cromie, Scott Darga, Kathy D. Darrow, Julie Keppen, Ellen McGeagh, Linda Pavlovski
Research
Nicodemus Ford, Sarah Genik, Tamara C. Nott, Tracie A. Richardson
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ISSN 0276-8178
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Acknowledgments
The editors wish to thank the copyright holders of the criticism included in this volume and the permissions managers of many book and magazine publishing companies for assisting us in securing reproduction rights. We are also grateful to the staffs of the Detroit Public Library, the Library of Congress, the University of Detroit Mercy Library, Wayne State University Purdy/Kresge Library Complex, and the University of Michigan Libraries for making their resources available to us. Following is a list of the copyright holders who have granted us permission to reproduce material in this volume of TCLC. Every effort has been made to trace copyright, but if omissions have been made, please let us know.
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN TCLC, VOLUME 128, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING PERIODICALS:
Cahiers Roumains D’Etudes Litteraires, v. 1, 1987, for “Bachelard and the Romantic Imagination,” by Margaret Higonnet. © Margaret Higonnet. Reproduced by permission of the author.—College Language Association Journal, v. 26, June, 1983. Reproduced by permission.—Comparative Literature Studies, v. 8, March, 1971, pp. 42-57, for “Two Philosophical Views of the Literary Imagination: Sartre and Bachelard,” by Ronald Grimsley. Copyright © 1971 by The Pennsylvania State University. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.—French Forum, v. 9, January, 1984; v. 14, May, 1989. Copyright © 1984, 1989 by French Forum, Publishers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—French Literature Series, v. 4, 1977. Reproduced by permission.—Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, v. 5, Fall, 1990, for “Genet’s Violent, Subjective Split Into the Theatre of Lacan’s Three Orders,” by Mark Pizzato. A different, extended version of this essay appears as Chapter 5, “Genet’s Dismemberment through Lacan’s Orders and Irigaray’s Cave,” in Edges of Loss: From Modern Drama to Postmodern Theory, by Mark Pizzato (Univ. of Michigan Press, 1998).—L’Esprit Createur, v. XXXV, Spring, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by L’Esprit Créateur. Reproduced by permission.—Modern Language Notes, v. 81, December, 1966; v. 112, Winter, 1997. © 1966, 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reproduced by permission.— New Orleans Review, v. 12, Fall, 1985; v. 15, Fall, 1988. Reproduced by permission.—Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, v. 33, September, 1972. Reproduced by permission.—Raritan, v. 16, Fall, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by Raritan: A Quarterly Review. Reproduced by permission.—Revue de Litterature Comparee, v. 58, April, 1984. Reproduced by permission.—Romantic Review, v. 52, February, 1961. Reproduced by permission.—Stanford French Review, v. 5, Fall, 1981 for “Gaston Bachelard and Critical Discourse: The Philosopher of Science as Reader,” by Roch C. Smith. Reproduced by permission of the journal and the author.—Symposium, v. 41, Winter, 1987-88. Copyright © 1988 Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Reproduced with permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, published by Heldref Publications, 1319 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802.—Theatre Annual, v. 45, 1992. Reproduced by permission.—University of Dayton Review, v. 21, Spring, 1992. Reproduced by permission.—Victorian Poetry, v. 26, Summer, 1988. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Yale French Studies, v. 91, 1997, for “Genet’s Notre-Dame-des-Fleurs: Fantasy and Sexual Identity,” by Michael Lucey. Copyright © Yale French Studies 1997. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the respective authors.
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN TCLC, VOLUME 128, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:
Cook, Rufus. From “Quest for Immobility: The Identification of Being and Non-Being in Jean Genet’s ‘The Balcony’,” in Myths and Realities of Contemporary French Theater: Comparative Views. Edited by Patricia M. Hopkins and Wendell
M. Aycock. Texas Tech Press, 1985. Reproduced by permission.—Cornford, Sharon. From “Death, Murder and Narrative Form in Pompes funèbres,”in Flowers and Revolution: A Collection of Writings on Jean Genet. Edited by Barbara Read with Ian Birchall. Middlesex University Press, 1997. © 1997 Middlesex University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Culler, Jonathan. From Framing the Sign: Criticism and Its Institutions. University of Oklahoma Press, 1988. Copyright © 1988 Jonathan Culler. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Forsyth, Neil. From “Gaston Bachelard’s Theory of the Poetic Imagination: Psychoanalysis to Phenomenology,” in The Quest for Imagination: Essays in Twentieth-Century Aesthetic Criticism. Edited by O. B. Hardison, Jr. The Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1971. Copyright © 1971 by The Press of Case Western Reserve University. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Gourgouris, Stathis. From Literature as Theory. Stanford University Press, 1989. Copyright © by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Jr. University, forthcoming with Stanford University Press. Reproduced by per
mission of Stanford University Press, www.sup.org.—Hanrahan, Mairead. From “An Erotics of Diversity: The Unsuspected Sex of Genet’s Heroes,” in Flowers and Revolution: A Collection of Writings on Jean Genet. Edited by Barbara Read with Ian Birchall. Middlesex University Press, 1997. © 1997 Middlesex University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Homan, Sidney. From The Audience as Actor and Character: The Modern Theater of Beckett, Brecht, Genet, Ionesco, Pinter, Stoppard, and Williams. Bucknell University Press, 1989. © 1989 by Associated University Presses, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Johnson, Don. From “The Appalachian Homeplace as Oneiric House,” in The Poetics of Appalachian Space. Edited by Parks Lanier, Jr. The University of Tennessee Press, 1991. Copyright © 1991 by The University of Tennessee Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.
PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN TCLC, VOLUME 128, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:
Bachelard, Gaston, photograph. Getty Images. Reproduced by permission.—Genet, Jean, photograph. Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Orwell, George, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Woolf, Virginia, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.
Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board
The members of the Gale Group Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board—reference librarians and subject specialists from public, academic, and school library systems—represent a cross-section of our customer base and offer a variety of informed perspectives on both the presentation and content of our literature criticism products. Advisory board members assess and define such quality issues as the relevance, currency, and usefulness of the author coverage, critical content, and literary topics included in our series; evaluate the layout, presentation, and general quality of our printed volumes; provide feedback on the criteria used for selecting authors and topics covered in our series; provide suggestions for potential enhancements to our series; identify any gaps in our coverage of authors or literary topics, recommending authors or topics for inclusion; analyze the appropriateness of our content and presentation for various user audiences, such as high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, librarians, and educators; and offer feedback on any proposed changes/ enhancements to our series. We wish to thank the following advisors for their advice throughout the year.
Dr. Toby Burrows Mary Jane Marden
Principal Librarian Literature and General Reference Librarian The Scholars’ Centre St. Petersburg Jr. College University of Western Australia Library
Mark Schumacher David M. Durant
Jackson Library Reference Librarian, Joyner Library
East Carolina University University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Steven R. Harris Gwen Scott-Miller
English Literature Librarian Fiction Department Manager University of Tennessee Seattle Public Library
