Criticism of the Works of Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers, and Other Creative Writers Who Lived between 1900 and 1999, from the First Published Critical Appraisals to Current Evaluations

Acknowledgments

The editors wish to thank the copyright holders of the criticism included in this volume and the permissions managers of many book and magazine publishing companies for assisting us in securing reproduction rights. We are also grateful to the staffs of the Detroit Public Library, the Library of Congress, the University of Detroit Mercy Library, Wayne State University Purdy/Kresge Library Complex, and the University of Michigan Libraries for making their resources available to us. Following is a list of the copyright holders who have granted us permission to reproduce material in this volume of TCLC. Every effort has been made to trace copyright, but if omissions have been made, please let us know.

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN TCLC, VOLUME 142, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING PERIODICALS:

African American Review, v. 29, spring, 1995 for “Should Their Eyes Have Been Watching God?: Hurston’s Use of Religious Experience and Gothic Horror” by Erik Curren. Copyright © 1995 by Erik Curren. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Arthuriana, v. 4, winter, 1994. Copyright © 1994, by Arthuriana. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Conradiana, v. 13, 1981. Copyright © 1981, by Conradiana. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Contemporary Literature, v. 10, winter, 1969. Copyright © 1969 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts, v. 9, winter, 1967. Copyright, 1967, Wayne State University Press. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.—Folklore, v. 111, October, 2000 for “The Holy Grail: From Romance Motif to Modern Genre” by Juliette Wood. Copyright © 2000, by Folklore. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.—The German Quarterly, v. 54, May, 1981. Copyright © 1981 by the American Association of Teachers of German. Reproduced by permission.— Mississippi Quarterly, v. 50, fall, 1997. Copyright © 1997, Mississippi Quarterly. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature, v. 47, 1993. Copyright © 1993, by Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Scandinavian Studies, v. 48, 1976 for “Documentarism and the Modern Scandinavian Novel” by George Bisztrav; v. 71, spring, 1999 for “H. C. Branner and the Colors of Consciousness” by Mark Mussari. Copyright © 1976, 1999 by Scandinavian Studies. Both reproduced by permission of the publisher and the respective authors.—South Dakota Review, v. 20, summer, 1982. © 1982, University of South Dakota. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Southern Literary Journal, v. 4, fall, 1971. Copyright © 1971, by Southern Literary Journal. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Southwest Review, v. 50, summer, 1965. Copyright © 1965, Southwest Review. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Victorian Poetry, v. 11, winter, 1973 for “The Holy Grail: Subversion and Revival of a Tradition in Tennyson and T. S. Eliot” by Linda Ray Pratt. Copyright © 1973, West Virginia University, 1973. Reproduced by permission of the author.—World Literature Today, v. 57, winter, 1983. Copyright © 1983, by World Literature Today. Reproduced by permission.—Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature, v. 4, autumn, 1963. Copyright © 1963, renewed 1991 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN TCLC, VOLUME 142, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

Andersen, Frank Egholm, and John Weinstock. From “Danish Literary Criticism since 1960,” in The Nordic Mind: Current Trends in Scandinavian Literary Criticism. Edited by Frank Egholm Andersen and John Weinstock. Copyright © by University Press of America, Inc., 1986. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Appel, Alfred, Jr. From A Season of Dreams: The Fiction of Eudora Welty. Louisiana State University Press, 1965. Copyright © 1965, by Louisiana State University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Barr, Marleen. From “Food for Postmodern Thought: Isak Dinesen’s Female Artists as Precursors to Contemporary Feminist Fabulators,” in Feminism, Utopia, and Narrative. Edited by Libby Falk Jones and Sarah Webster Goodwin. University of Tennessee Press, 1990. Copyright ©1990, by University of Tennessee. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Brostrøm, Torben. From Contemporary Danish Poetry: An Anthology. Twayne’s, 1977. Copyright © by Gyldenalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag A/S, Copenhagen 1977. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Burns, Margie. From “A Good Rose Is Hard to Find: Southern Gothic as Signs of Social Dislocation in Faulkner and O’Connor,” in Image and Ideology in Modern/Postmodern Discourse. Edited by David B. Browning and Susan Bazargan. State University of New York Press, 1991. Copyright © 1991, by State University of New York. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the State University of New York Press.—Crowley,

J. Donald, and Sue Mitchell Crowley. From King Arthur Through the Ages. Garland Publishing Inc., 1990. Copyright © 1990, by Valerie M. Lagorio and Mildred Leake Day. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Furness, Raymond. From Expressionism Reassessed. University of Manchester, 1993. Copyright © Raymond Furness. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Gray, Charlotte Schiander. From Klaus Rifbjerg. Copyright © 1986 by Charlotte Schiander Gray. Reproduced by permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT.—Henriksen, Aage. From Isak Dinesan/ Karen Blixen: The Work and the Life. Translated by William Mishler. St. Martin’s Press, NY, 1988. Reproduced by permission.—Ingwersen, Faith, and Niels Ingwersen. From Quests for a Promised Land: The Works of Martin Andersen Nexø. Greenwood Press, 1984. Copyright © 1984 by Faith Ingwersen and Niels Ingwersen. Reproduced by permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT.—Kahane, Claire. From The Female Gothic. Eden Press, 1983. Copyright © 1983, Eden Press, Inc. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Krispyn, Egbert. From Style and Society in German Literary Expressionism. University of Florida Press, 1964. Copyright © by the Board of Commissioners of the State Institutions of Florida. Reproduced with the permission of the University Press of Florida.—Martin, Robert K. From “Haunted by Jim Crow: Gothic Fictions by Hawthorne and Faulkner,” in American Gothic: New Inventions in a National Narrative. Edited by Robert K. Martin and Eric Savoy. University of Iowa Press, 1998. Copyright © 1998, by University of Iowa Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Moorman, Charles. From The Grail: A Casebook. Garland Publishing Inc., 2000. Copyright © 2000, by Dhira B. Mahoney. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Murphy, Richard. From Theorizing the Avant-Garde: Modernism, Expressionism, and the Problem of Postmodernity. Cambridge University Press, 1998. Copyright © 1998 Richard Murphy. Reproduced by permission.—Nicholls, Peter. From Modernisms: A Literary Guide. Macmillan, 1995. © Peter Nicholls 1995. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.— O’Connor, Theresa. From “Demythologizing Nationalism: Joyce’s Dialogized Grail Myth,” in Joyce in Context. Edited by Vince J. Cheng and Timothy Martin. Cambridge University Press, 1992. Copyright © 1992, by Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Olderman, Raymond M. From Beyond the Waste Land: The American Novel in the Nineteen Sixties. Yale University Press, 1972. Copyright, 1972, Yale University Press. Reproduced by permission.—Perry, J. Douglas. From The Critical Response to Truman Capote. Greenwood Press, 1999. Copyright © 1999. Reproduced by permission of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT. All rights reserved.—Schleifer, Ronald. From “Rural Gothic: The Sublime Rhetoric of Flannery O’Connor,” in Frontier Gothic: Terror and Wonder at the Frontier in American Literature. David Mogen, Scott P. Sanders, Joanne B. Karpinski, eds. Associated University Presses, 1993. Copyright © 1993, by Associated University Presses, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.— Thompson, Raymond H. From The Grail: A Casebook. Garland Publishing Inc., 2000. Copyright © 2000, by Dhira B. Mahoney. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Vergo, Peter. From “The Origins of Expressionism and the Notion of Gesamtkunstwerk,” in Expressionism Reassessed. Shulamith Behr, David Fanning, and Douglas Jarman, eds. University of Manchester, 1993. Copyright © Peter Vergo. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Waller, Christopher. From Expressionist Poetry and Its Critics. Institute of Germanic Studies, University of London, 1986. Copyright © 1986 by The Institute of Germanic Studies. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN TCLC, VOLUME 142, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

Dinesen, Isak, 1957, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Eliot, T. S., photograph. International Portrait Gallery. Reproduced by permission.—Jensen, Johannes V., 1945, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Kokoschka, Oscar, 1949, photograph. Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis-Bettmann. © 2000 Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York/ ProLitteris, Zurich. Reproduced by permission.—Sir Percival and the Holy Grail, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Plantation house in Convent, Louisiana, photograph by Russell Lee. Getty Images. Reproduced by permission.

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The members of the Gale Group Literature Product Advisory Board—reference librarians from public and academic library systems—represent a cross-section of our customer base and offer a variety of informed perspectives on both the presentation and content of our literature products. Advisory board members assess and define such quality issues as the relevance, currency, and usefulness of the author coverage, critical content, and literary topics included in our series; evaluate the layout, presentation, and general quality of our printed volumes; provide feedback on the criteria used for selecting authors and topics covered in our series; provide suggestions for potential enhancements to our series; identify any gaps in our coverage of authors or literary topics, recommending authors or topics for inclusion; analyze the appropriateness of our content and presentation for various user audiences, such as high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, librarians, and educators; and offer feedback on any proposed changes/enhancements to our series. We wish to thank the following advi

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Barbara M. Bibel

Librarian Oakland Public Library Oakland, California

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Reference Librarian Joyner Library East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina

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