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ISSN 0895-9439

Volume 61

Criticism of the Works of Short Fiction Writers

Janet Witalec Project Editor

Project Editor

Janet Witalec

Editorial

Anja Barnard, Jenny Cromie, Kathy D. Darrow, Justin Karr, Julie Keppen, Joseph Palmisano

Research

Michelle Campbell, Tracie A. Richardson

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Short Story Criticism, Vol. 61

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ISBN 0-7876-7018-9
ISSN 0895-9439

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Acknowledgments

The editors wish to thank the copyright holders of the excerpted criticism included in this volume and the permissions managers of many book and magazine publishing companies for assisting us in securing reproduction rights. We are also grateful to the staffs of the Detroit Public Library, the Library of Congress, the University of Detroit Mercy Library, Wayne State University Purdy/Kresge Library Complex, and the University of Michigan Libraries for making their resources available to us. Following is a list of the copyright holders who have granted us permission to reproduce material in this volume of SSC. Every effort has been made to trace copyright, but if omissions have been made, please let us know.

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN SSC, VOLUME 61, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING PERIODICALS:

Antioch Review, v. 60, Summer, 2002. Reproduced by permission.—Appalachian Journal, v. 13, Fall, 1985. Reproduced by permission.—Booklist, v. 98, October 15, 2001. Copyright © 2001 by the American Library Association. Reproduced by permission.—Boston Review, v. 12, August, 1987 for a review of Continent by Lowry Pei. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Chicago Tribune Bookworld, April 5, 1987. Reproduced by permission.—CLA Journal, v. XLIV, June, 2001. Copyright, 2001 by The College Language Association. Used by permission of The College Language Association.— Contemporary Literature, v. 40, Winter, 1999. Copyright © 1999 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Contemporary Review, v. 263, July, 1993. Reproduced by the permission of Contemporary Review Ltd.—Critical Survey, v. 5, 1993. Reproduced by permission.—Critique, v. 28, Fall, 1986. Copyright © 1986 Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Reproduced with permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, published by Heldref Publications, 1319 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802.— The Economist, v. 320, August 3, 1991. © 1991 The Economist Newspaper Ltd. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission. Further reproduction prohibited. www.economist.com.—The Explicator, v. 50, Spring, 1992; v. 57, Spring 1999;

v. 57, Winter, 1999; v. 60, Spring, 2002. Copyright 1992, 1999, 2002 by Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Reproduced with permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, published by Heldref Publications, 1319 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802.—Hudson Review, v. 40, Autumn, 1987. Copyright © 1987 by The Hudson Review, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Japan Quarterly, v. 38, July-September, 1991, Reproduced by permission.— Kirkus Reviews, v. 69, August 15, 2001; November 1, 2001. Copyright © 2001 The Kirkus Service, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher, Kirkus Reviews and Kirkus Associates, L.P.—Library Journal, v. 116, April 1, 1991 for review of Beyond the Curve by Mark Woodhouse; v. 126, September 15, 2001 for review of The Devil’s Larder by Barbara Hoffert.. Copyright © 1991, 2001 by Reed Elsevier, USA. Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the author.—Literature and Medicine, v. 18, Spring, 1999. © The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reproduced by permission —London Review of Books, v. 23, November 15, 2001. Reproduced by permission.—Los Angeles Times Book Review, April 12, 1987; March 24, 2002; July 7, 2002. Copyright, 1987, 2002, Los Angeles Times. Reproduced by permission.—Magill Book Reviews, October 1, 1991. © The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reproduced by permission.— Manchester Guardian Weekly, September, 1999. Copyright © 1999 by Guardian Publications Ltd. Reproduced by permission of Guardian News Service, LTD.—Michigan Quarterly Review, v. 26, Fall, 1987. Reproduced by permission.— Mississippi Review, v. 18, 1989 for “Breece D’J Pancake” by Cynthia Kadohata. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Modern Fiction Studies, v. 36, Autumn, 1990. Copyright © 1990 by Purdue Research Foundation, West Lafayette, IN 47907. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Johns Hopkins University.—Nation, v. 236, March 19, 1983. © 1983 The Nation magazine/ The Nation Company, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—National Review, v. 51, August 9, 1999. Copyright © 1999 by National Review, Inc, 215 Lexington Avenue. New York, NY 10016. Reproduced by permission.—New German Critique, Fall, 1983; Winter, 1990. Reproduced by permission.—The New Republic, v.155, December 10, 1966; v. 188, May 9, 1983; December 31, 2001. © 1966, 1983, 2001 The New Republic, Inc. Reproduced by permission of The New Republic.—New Statesman, v. 112, October 10, 1986. © 1986 Statesman & Nation Publishing Company Limited. Reproduced by permission.—Newsletter of the Kafka Society of America, June, 1983. Reproduced by permission.—Poets & Writers, v. 29, September-October, 2001. Reproduced by permission.—Publisher’s Weekly, v. 231, February 13, 1987; v. 237, March 23, 1990; v. 248, September 10, 2001; v. 248, November 12, 2001. Copyright 1987, 1990, 2001 by Reed Publishing USA. Reproduced from Publishers Weekly, published by the Bowker Magazine Group of Cahners Publishing Co., a division of Reed Publishing USA., by permission.—Religion and Literature, v. 29, Summer, 1997. Reproduced by permission of the University of Notre Dame.—Renascence: Essays on Values in Literature, v. 52, Summer, 2000. © copyright, 2000, Marquette University Press. Reproduced by permission.—Review of Contemporary Fiction, v. 10, Fall 1990; v. 22, Spring, 2002. Reproduced by permission.—Saturday Review, v. 49, October 8, 1966; v. 50, September 30, 1967. © 1966, 1967 General Media International, Inc. Reproduced by permission of The Saturday Review.— Shenandoah, v. 46, Fall, 1996. Reproduced by permission.—Southern Literary Journal, v. 33, Fall, 2000. Copyright 2000 by the Department of English, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reproduced by permission of the University of North Carolina Press.—Southwest Review, v. 74, Summer, 1989. © 1989 Southern Methodist University. Reproduced by permission.—Studies in Short Fiction, v. 23, Summer, 1986; v. 27, Winter 1990; v. 31, Spring 1994; v. 33, Winter 1996; v. 33, Spring 1996; v. 34, Winter 1997. Copyright 1986, 1990, 1994, 1996, 1997 by Studies in Short Fiction, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—The Spectator, v. 287, September 15, 2001. © 2001 by The Spectator. Reproduced by permission of The Spectator.—The Times, August 22, 2001 for “Not in the Very Best of Taste” by Bee Wilson. Reproduced by permission of PFD on behalf of Bee Wilson.—The Washington Post, December 10, 1984 for “The Legend of Breece D’J Pancake” by Paul Hendrickson; October 21, 2001 for a review of The Devil’s Larder by Michael Dirda; January 15, 2002 for “Modern Tales from Old Vienna” by Chris Lehmann. © 1984, 2001, 2002, The Washington Post. Reproduced by permission.— Times Literary Supplement, September 12, 1968; July 9, 1976; September 27, 1991; October 23, 1992; September 7, 2001; February 2002. © The Times Supplements Limited 1968, 1976, 1991, 1992, 2001, 2002. Reproduced from The Times Literary Supplement by permission.—Times of London, July 19, 1999 for “The Liberation of Dreams,” Nigel Cliff. © Nigel Cliff/Times Newspapers Limited. Reproduced by permission.—Virginia Quarterly Review, v. 60, Winter, 1984. Copyright, 1984, by The Virginia Quarterly Review, The University of Virginia. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN SSC, VOLUME 61, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

Baxter, Charles. From Introduction to Sudden Fiction International: Sixty Short-Short Stories. Edited by Robert Shapard and James Thomas. W. W. Norton & Company, 1989. Copyright © 1989 by Robert Shapard and James Thomas. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Beringer, Cindy. From “‘I Have Not Wallowed’: Flannery O’Connor’s Working Mothers,” in Southern Mothers: Fact and Fictions in Southern Women’s Writing. Edited by Nagueyalti Warren and Sally Wolff. Louisiana State University Press, 1999. Copyright © 1999 by Louisiana State University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Gohrbandt, Detlev. From “Fable Traditions in the Stories of Doris Lessing and Bessie Head,” in Across the Lines: Intertextuality and Transcultural Communication in the New Literatures in English. Edited by Wolfgang Klooss. Rodopi, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by Editions Rodopi B. V. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Hotchkiss, Jane. From “Coming of Age in Zambesia,” in Borders, Exiles, Diasporas. Edited by Elazar Barkan and Marie-Denise Shelton. Stanford University Press, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Stanford University Press, www.sup.org.—Iles, Timothy. From “The Fiction of Abe Kobo,” in Abe Kobo: An Exploration of His Prose, Drama and Theatre. European Press Academic Publishing, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by European Press Academic Publishing. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Liptzin, Sol. From “Dream and Reality,” in Arthur Schnitzler. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1932. Copyright © 1932 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Lutze, Peter C. From “The Armed Filmmaker: Donning the Author Armor,” in Alexander Kluge: The Last Modernist. Wayne State University Press, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by Wayne State University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Moeller, Hans-Bernhard. From Introduction to Alexander Kluge’s Case Histories. Translated by Leila Vennewitz. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1988. English translation copyright © 1988 by Leila Vennewitz and Alexander Kluge. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.—Pavsek, Christopher. From Introduction to Alexander Kluge’s Learning Process with a Deadly Outcome. Translated by Christopher Pavsek. Duke University Press, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by Duke University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.—Pickering, Jean. From “The Grass Is Singing (1950): African Stories (1964),” in Understanding Doris Lessing. University of South Carolina Press, 1990. Copyright © 1990 by University of South Carolina Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Raiger, Michael. From “‘Large and Startling Figures:’ The Grotesque and the Sublime in the Short Stories of Flannery O’Connor,” in Seeing into the Life of Things: Essays on Literature and Religious Experience. Edited by John L. Mahoney. Fordham University Press, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by Fordham University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Raphael, Frederic. From Introduction to Arthur Schnitzler’s Dream Story. Translated by J. M. Q. Davies. Penguin Books, 1999. Copyright © 1999 by Penguin Books. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Shapard, Robert. From Introduction to Sudden Fiction: American Short Stories. Edited by Robert Shapard and James Thomas. Peregrine Smith Books, 1986. Copyright © 1986 by Peregrine Smith Books. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Spector, Robert Donald. From “Observations on Schnitzler’s Narrative Techniques in the Short Novel,” in Studies in Arthur Schnitzler. Edited by Herbert W. Reichert and Herman Salinger. The University of North Carolina Press, 1963. Copyright © 1963 by The University of North Carolina Press, All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Stern, Jerome. From Introduction to Micro Fiction: An Anthology of Really Short Stories. Edited by Jerome Stern. W. W. Norton & Company, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by the Estate of Jerome Stern. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.—Swales, Martin. From “Morals and Psycho-Analysis,” in Arthur Schnitzler, A Critical Study. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1971. Copyright © 1971 by Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press.—Tyler, Lisa. From “Mother-Daughter Passion and Rapture: The Demeter Myth in the Fiction of Virginia Woolf and Doris Lessing,” in Woolf and Lessing: Breaking the Mold. Edited by Ruth Saxton and Jean Tobin. St. Martin’s Press, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by Ruth O. Saxton and Gloria Jean Tobin. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission of Palgrave Macmillan.

PHOTOGRAPHS APPEARING IN SSC, VOLUME 61, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

Abe, Kobo, photograph. © Jerry Bauer. Reproduced by permission.—Crace, Jim, photograph. © Mark Gerson. Reproduced by permission.—Kluge, Alexander, directing the film Abschied Von Gestern, 1966, photograph. The Kobal Collection. Reproduced by permission.—Lessing, Doris, photograph. © Mark Gerson. Reproduced by permission.—O’Connor, Flannery, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Schnitzler, Arthur, photograph. The Library of Congress.

Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board

The members of the Gale Group Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board—reference librarians and subject specialists from public, academic, and school library systems—represent a cross-section of our customer base and offer a variety of informed perspectives on both the presentation and content of our literature criticism products. Advisory board members assess and define such quality issues as the relevance, currency, and usefulness of the author coverage, critical content, and literary topics included in our series; evaluate the layout, presentation, and general quality of our printed volumes; provide feedback on the criteria used for selecting authors and topics covered in our series; provide suggestions for potential enhancements to our series; identify any gaps in our coverage of authors or literary topics, recommending authors or topics for inclusion; analyze the appropriateness of our content and presentation for various user audiences, such as high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, librarians, and educators; and offer feedback on any proposed changes/ enhancements to our series. We wish to thank the following advisors for their advice throughout the year.

Dr. Toby Burrows Mary Jane Marden

Principal Librarian Literature and General Reference Librarian The Scholars’ Centre St. Petersburg Jr. College University of Western Australia Library

Mark Schumacher David M. Durant

Jackson Library Joyner Library

East Carolina University University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Steven R. Harris Gwen Scott-Miller

English Literature Librarian Assistant Director of Materials and Programming University of Tennessee Sno-Isle Regional Library System