Shooting an Elephant | Copyright

Some or all of these eNotes are an offprint from Short Stories For Students: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Short Stories.

Short Stories For Students

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The editors wish to thank the copyright holders of the excerpted criticism included in this volume and the permissions managers of many book and magazine publishing companies for assisting us in securing reproduction rights. We are also grateful to the staffs of the Detroit Public Library, the Library of Congress, the University of Detroit Mercy Library, Wayne State University Purdy/Kresge Library Complex, and the University of Michigan Libraries for making their resources available to us. Following is a list of the copyright holders who have granted us permission to reproduce material in this volume of SSfS. Every effort has been made to trace copyright, but if omissions have been made, please let us know.

COPYRIGHTED EXCERPTS IN SSFS, VOLUME 4, WERE REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING PERIODICALS:

America, v. 141, December 8, 1979. © 1979 by America. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission of America Press, Inc.—American Indian Quarterly, © v. 12, Winter, 1988. Copyright © Society for American Indian Studies & Research 1988. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.— CEA Critic, v. 57, Fall, 1994. Reproduced by permission.—CLA Journal, v. XI, September, 1967. Copyright, 1967 by The College Language Association. Reproduced by permission of The College Language Association—Colby Library Quarterly, v. XXI, March, 1985; v. XXII, March, 1986. Both reproduced by permission.—Contemporary Literature, v. 22, Spring, 1981. © 1981 by the Regents of the University of Wisconsin. Reproduced by permission of The University of Wisconsin Press.—The Durham University Journal, v. LXXXIII, July, 1991. Reproduced by permission.— English Journal, v. 55, September, 1966 for ‘‘‘Shooting an Elephant’—An Essay to Teach’’ by Kenneth Keskinen. Copyright © 1966 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.— The Explicator, v. XXVII, March, 1969. Copyright © 1969 Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Reproduced with permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, published by Heldref Publications.—Extrapolation, v. 21, Winter, 1980; v. 24, Fall, 1983; v. 28, Summer, 1987. Copyright © 1980, 1983, 1987 by Kent State University Press. All reproduced by permission.—The French Review, v. XLVI, February, 1973 for ‘‘The Symbolic Decor of ‘The Guest’’’ by Paul Fortier. Copyright 1973 by the American Association of Teachers of French. Reproduced by permission.— The Journal of Ethnic Studies, v. 9, Spring, 1981; v. 13, Winter, 1986. Both reproduced by permission.— Journal of Modern Literature, v. 11, July, 1984. © Temple University, 1984. Reproduced by permission.—Kansas Quarterly, v. 14, Spring, 1982 for ‘‘Structural Metaphors in Fitzgerald’s Short Fiction’’ by William J. Brondell. © copyright 1977 by the Kansas Quarterly. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.— MELUS, v. 8, Spring, 1981. Copyright, MELUS, The Society for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, 1981. Reproduced by permission.—Modern Fiction Studies, v. X, Winter, 1964-65; v. XVII, Winter, 1971-72. The Johns Hopkins University Press. All rights reserved. Both reproduced by permission of the Johns Hopkins University Press.—The New York Review of Books, v. XXVII, March 6, 1980. Copyright © 1980 NYREV, Inc. Reproduced by permission from The New York Review of Books.—The New York Times Book Review, November 8, 1953. Copyright 1953, renewed 1981 by The New York Times Company. Reproduced by permission.—Nineteenth-Century Fiction, v. 19, March, 1965 for ‘‘Poe’s ‘The Tell- Tale Heart’’’ by E. Arthur Robinson. © 1965 by The Regents of the University of California. Reproduced by permission of The Regents and the author. —Publishers Weekly, v. 225, June 8, 1984. Copyright © 1984 by Xerox Corporation. Reproduced from Publishers Weekly, published by R.R. Bowker Company, a Xerox company, by permission.—The Review of Contemporary Fiction, v. 14, Fall, 1994. Copyright, 1994, by John O’Brien. Reproduced by permission.—The Southern Review, Louisiana State University, v. 22, Winter, 1986 for ‘‘Shooting Elephants Right’’ by D. H. Stewart. Copyright, 1986, by the author. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Studies in American Indian Literature, Series 2, v. 1, Fall, 1989 ‘‘The Storytellers in Storyteller’’ by Linda Danielson. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Studies in Short Fiction, v. 11, Fall, 1963; v. XII, Spring, 1975; v. 17, Summer, 1980; v. 18, Winter, 1981; v. 19, Winter, 1982; v. 30, Winter, 1993. Copyright 1963, 1975, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1993 by Newberry College. All reproduced by permission.

COPYRIGHTED EXCERPTS IN SSFS, VOLUME 4, WERE REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

Anderson, David D. From Sherwood Anderson: An Introduction and Interpretation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1967. Copyright © 1967 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.—Baker, Carlos. From ‘‘When the Story Ends: ‘Babylon Revisited’’’ in The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald: New Approaches in Criticism. Edited by Jackson R. Bryer. The University of Wisconsin Press, 1982. Copyright © 1982 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Bell- Villada, Gene H. From Borges and His Fiction: A Guide to His Mind and Art. University of North Carolina Press, 1981. Copyright © 1981 The University of North Carolina Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.—Bone, Robert. From Down Home: Origins of the Afro- American Short Story. Columbia University Press, 1988. Copyright © 1975 by Robert Bone. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.— Brooks, Cleanth and Robert Penn Warren. From Understanding Fiction. Edited by Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren. Second edition. Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1959. Copyright 1959, renewed 1987, by Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. All rights reserved. Adapted by permission of Prentice- Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ—Bruck, Peter. From The Black American Short Story in the 20th Century: A Collection of Critical Essays. Edited by Peter Bruck. B.R. Grüner Publishing Co., 1977. Reproduced by permission.—Guy-Sheftall, Beverly. From an interview in Sturdy Black Bridges. Roseann P. Bell, Bettye J. Parker, Beverly Guy- Sheftall, eds. Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1979. Copyright © 1979 by Roseann P. Bell, Bettye J. Parker, Beverly Guy-Sheftall. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Howe, Irving. From Sherwood Anderson. Stanford University Press, 1951. Copyright 1951 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. Renewed 1979 by Irving Howe. Reproduced by permission of William Morrow & Co., Inc.—Joselyn, Sister M. (Eileen M. Baldeshwiler). From ‘‘Sherwood Anderson and the Lyric Story’’ in The Twenties: Poetry and Prose, 20 Critical Essays. Edited by Richard E. Langford and William E. Taylor. Everett Edwards, Inc., 1966. Copyright © 1966 Everett/Edwards, Inc. Reproduced by permission of Eileen M. Baldeshwiler.—Knapp, Bettina L. From Stephen Crane. Ungar Publishing Company, 1987. Copyright © 1987 by The Ungar Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.— Lewallen, Avis. From ‘‘Wayward Girls but Wicked Women? Female Sexuality in Angela Carter’s ‘The Bloody Chamber’’’ in Perspectives on Pornography: Sexuality in Film and Literature. Edited by Gary Day and Clive Bloom. Macmillan Press, 1988, St. Martin’s Press, 1988. © the Editorial Board, (Co-operative) Press Ltd. 1988. Copyright Gary Day and Clive Bloom. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Press Ltd. In North America with permission of St. Martin’s Press, Incorporated.—Ling, Amy. From Between Worlds: Women Writers of Chinese Ancestry. Pergamon Press, 1990. Copyright © 1990 by Teachers College, Columbia University. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.— Marks, Peter. From ‘‘The Ideological Eye- Witness: An Examination of the Eye-Witness in Two Works by George Orwell’’ in Subjectivity and Literature from the Romantics to the Present Day. Edited by Philip Shaw and Peter Stockwell. Pinter Publishers, 1991. Copyright © The editors and contributors 1991. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Meyerowitz, Selma. From ‘‘What Is to Console Us? The Politics of Deception in Woolf’s Short Stories’’ in New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf. Edited by Jane Marcus. University of Nebraska Press, 1981. © Jane Marcus 1981. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Administration (Basingstoke) Ltd. and in the United States by University of Nebraska Press.— Rose, Ellen Cronan. From ‘‘Through the Looking Glass: When Women Tell Fairy Tales’’ in The Voyage In: Fictions of Female Development. Edited by Elizabeth Abel, Marianne Hirsch and Elizabeth Langland. University Press of New England, 1983. Copyright © 1983 by Trustees of Dartmouth College. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of University Press of New England.— Toor, David. From ‘‘Guilt and Retribution in ‘Babylon Revisited’’’ in Fitzgerald and Hemingway Annual 1973. Edited by Matthew J. Bruccoli and C. E. Frazer Clark, Jr. Microcard Editions Books, 1974. Copyright © 1974 by Indian Head, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.— Walcutt, Charles Child. From ‘‘Sherwood Anderson: Impressionism and the Buried Life’’ in American Literary Naturalism. University of Minnesota Press, 1966. Reproduced by permission.— Ward, J. A. From American Silences: The Realism of James Agee, Walker Evans, and Edward Hopper. Louisiana State University Press, 1985. Copyright © 1985 by Louisiana State University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Warren, Alan. From ‘‘Roald Dahl: Nasty, Nasty’’ in Discovering Modern Horror Fiction. Edited by Darrell Schweitzer. Starmont House, 1985. Reproduced by permission.—White-Parks, Annette. From Sui Sin Far/Edith Maude Eaton: A Literary Biography. University of Illinois Press, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by Annette White-Parks. Reproduced by permission.—Wolff, Tobias and Jay Woodruff. From A Piece of Work: Five Writers Discuss Their Revisions. University of Iowa Press, 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Jay Woodruff and Tobias Wolff. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN SSFS, VOLUME 4, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

A Chinese procession through turn-of-the-century San Francisco, California, photograph. Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission.— A farm family, c. 1890, photograph. Ingram Collection/ Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission.— A great white heron in a Florida swamp, photograph by Buddy Mays. Buddy Mays/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Algerian prisoners of the French, photograph. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Anderson, Sherwood, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.— Toni Cade Bambara, photograph by Sandra L. Swans. Reproduced by permission.— Jorge Luis Borges, photograph. The Library of Congress.—Albert Camus, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Angela Carter, photograph by Jerry Bauer. © Jerry Bauer. Reproduced by permission.—Arthur C.Clarke, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Stephen Crane, photograph. The Library of Congress.—Roald Dahl, photograph by Eli Wallach. The Library of Congress.—F. Scott Fitzgerald, photograph by Carl Van Vechten. The Library of Congress.—Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, photograph. The Library of Congress.—French troops in Algeria, photograph. UPI/Corbis- Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Langston Hughes, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Sarah Orne Jewett, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.— Thomas Mann, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—George Orwell, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Jayne Anne Phillips, photograph by Jerry Bauer. © Jerry Bauer. Reproduced by permission.—Edgar Allan Poe, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.— Leslie Marmon Silko, photograph by Robyn McDaniels. Reproduced by permission.—Dancing a quadrille at a ball, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Sui Sin Far/Edith Maude Eaton, December 1903, photograph. Courtesy of the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, n.35626. Reproduced by permission.—‘‘The Gulf Stream’’ by Winslow Homer. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Tranquilized elephant, Kruger National Park, South Africa, photograph by Anthony Bannister. Peter Gallo; ABPL/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.—Tranquilized elephant in close-up, photograph by Anthony Bannister. Peter Gallo; ABPL/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.— Wimbledon crowd, photograph. Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission.—Tobias Wolff, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Virginia Woolf, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Zellie, a Paris Cabaret, photograph. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.