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Besides the Julian and Gregorian calendars, what other calendars have been used?

Babylonian calendar—A lunar calendar (based on the orbital period of the moon around the Earth), composed of alternating 29-day and 30-day months. It was developed and used by the people of the ancient empire of Babylonia (which flourished from around 2800 to 1750 B.C.), located in present-day Iraq. When the calendar became too out of synch with the seasons, an extra month was added. In addition, 3 extra months were added every 8 years to coordinate this calendar with the solar year (the period of the Earth's revolution around the sun).

Chinese calendar—A calendar containing 12 lunar months (a lunar month is the period of the moon's revolution around the Earth). Since there are approximately 29.5 days from new moon to new moon, each month has either 29 or 30 days. (A new moon is the phase of the moon,...

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1. Time
   1. How is time measured?
   2. What is meant by Universal Time?
   3. How many time zones are there in the world?
   4. Who establishes the correct time in the United States?
   5. What is military time?
   6. What do the initials a.m. and p.m. mean?
   7. When is Daylight Savings Time observed in the United States?
   8. What is a leap second?
   9. What is the exact length of a calendar year?
   10. Where did the term "grandfather clock" come from?
   11. What were the longest and shortest years on record?
   12. Besides the Julian and Gregorian calendars, what other calendars have been used?
   13. When does leap year occur?
   14. When did January 1 become the first day of the new year?
   15. How were the months of the year named?
   16. Where do the names of the days of the week come from?
   17. Why are the lengths of the seasons not equal?
2. Weights And Measures
   1. What is the metric system of measurement?
   2. What are the U.S. and metric units of measurement for area?
   3. How did the yard as a unit of measurement originate?
   4. What is a bench mark?
   5. How was the length of a meter originally determined?
   6. How are U.S. customary measures converted to metric measures and vice versa?
   7. What is the difference between a short ton, a long ton, and a metric ton?
   8. Why is a nautical mile different from a statute mile?
   9. What are the equivalents for dry and liquid measures?
   10. What are U.S. and British measures for volume and weight of water?