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How does a tree grow?

A tree grows in two ways. The tips of its branches and tips of its roots contain cells that reproduce, making the tree taller and its roots deeper. Another layer of dividing cells increases the width of the tree's trunk little by little, increasing its support and providing a route for water to reach the upper branches. While a tree is alive, scientists can determine its growth rate by measuring the change in its diameter and also by observing the patterns of new growth on branches and twigs. When a tree has fallen or been cut down, scientists can learn much about the tree's growth throughout its life and can even learn about changes in climate and soil composition long ago by examining the growth rings inside the main trunk.

The growth rings that are visible on a tree stump result from the tree's cycle of growth and dormancyA state of inactivity in...

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1. Introduction
2. How does a tree grow?
3. Lichens: another kind of annual growth
4. Lichens can survive harsh environments
5. Experiment 1 - Tree Growth: What can be learned from the growth patterns of trees?
6. Experiment 2 - Lichen Growth: What can be learned from the environment by observing lichens?
7. Design Your Own Experiment