Richard L. Rubenstein

Article abstract: One of the first Jewish thinkers to explore deeply the ethical and religious implications of the Holocaust, Rubenstein not only questioned the credibility of claims about God’s presence in history but also addressed overpopulation, modernization, bureaucracy, and the persistent threat of genocide in the modern world.

Early Life

A 1940 graduate of Townsend Harris High School in New York City, Richard Lowell Rubenstein did not experience the Holocaust firsthand. While Nazi Germany’s “final solution of the Jewish question”...

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