Revolutions of 1830-1831

Article abstract: At issue: Constitutional form of government. Result: Dynasty changed in France; Belgium became independent from Holland; Poland reverted to total control by Russians.

Background

A rising tide of liberal thought and activism challenged the conservative reconstruction of Europe adopted at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Revolutionary tendencies emanating from France were still feared by the other governments of Europe, but they made some effort to accommodate popular demands. Although unrest spread from France, where it began on July 26,...

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