Polish Wars of Expansion

Article abstract: At issue: Access to the sea and political dominance of eastern central Europe. Result: Polish dominance of eastern central Europe.

Background

In 1300, Poland was a kingdom without a king, riven by internal factions and threatened by outside adversaries: Czechs and Hungarians to the south, Lithuanians and Tatars to the east, and the powerful Teutonic Knights to the north. The nadir of Polish fortunes came in 1308, when the Teutonic Knights seized the port of Gdańsk, burned the city to the ground, put its 10,000 Slavic inhabitants to the...

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