Müller Invents Field Emission Microscope

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Article abstract: Müller showed that the beam of electrons given off by a metal needle tip in a strong electrical field creates an image of the atomic-level crystalline structure of the metal, providing some of the first evidence that proved the theory of relativity.

Quantum Physics Captures Center Stage

Albert Einstein published his general theory of relativity in 1917. In addition to the famous equation relating matter to energy (E = mc2), Einstein’s work included an explanation of the principles of quantum mechanics—that is, the principles...

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