Muhammad ʿAbduh

Article abstract: ʿAbduh was a major figure in the articulation of modern political, ethical, and social values in an Islamic context. His writings were a major stimulus to the development of Egyptian nationalism and, in a wider sense, to the elaboration of social and political thought throughout Islam.

Early Life

Muhammad ʿAbduh was the child of Egyptian peasants of the Nile delta. His family life appears to have been serene and his father highly respected in his village. Although without formal education themselves, ʿAbduh’s parents went to...

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