Iran-Iraq War Escalates

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Article abstract: Four years into the Iran-Iraq War, Iraq began using chemical weapons as the “war of the cities” and the “war of the tankers” continued.

Quagmire of Conflict

War broke out between Iraq and Iran on September 22, 1980, when Iraq sent forces over the border into Iran. There were a number of reasons for the invasion—ancient historical complaints against each other, ongoing border disputes, and, especially, the clashing personalities and ambitions of the two countries’ leaders, Saddam Hussein and the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini....

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