Indian Removal Act

Article abstract: The Indian Removal Act marked the beginning of forced resettlement of sixty thousand eastern Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Cherokees and other members of the so-called Five Civilized Tribes—Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Seminole, and Creek—established independent republics with successful governments. Adapting to their white neighbors, they became farmers, miners, and cattle ranchers. Some had plantations, even owning slaves. They built schools and churches, wrote constitutions, and established independent...

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