Dec 21, 2009
Article abstract: The doctrine expressed moral disapproval but lacked military or economic sanctions and failed to deter Japanese aggression into Manchuria, China.
Some Japanese leaders, especially junior officers of the Kwantung Army stationed in Manchuria, favored expansion. They viewed China’s growing nationalism and its progress toward unification under the Nationalist (Kuomintang) government with fear. Their solution was to seize Chinese territory before China became sufficiently strong to defend itself. This policy was especially...
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