Great Northern War

Article abstract: At issue: Swedish supremacy in the Baltic. Result: Waning of Swedish power, decline of Poland, rise of Russia.

Background

The 1699 alliance of Peter the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of Denmark-Norway, and Augustus II, king of Poland, who was also Friedrich Augustus, elector of Saxony, set the stage for the subsequent attack on the young and inexperienced Charles XII of Sweden. The allies hoped to oust Sweden from the powerful position the Swedes had attained after the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). Some historians have even dubbed...

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