German Civil War of 1077-1214

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Article abstract: At issue: Control of the Holy Roman Empire. Result: Staufen victory; but the once powerful German kingship became insignificant.

Background

The German kings before Henry IV had become some of the most powerful rulers in Europe, dominating northern Italy, Burgundy, and Bohemia with the title of Holy Roman emperor. During Henry IV’s childhood, however, magnates plundered the crown’s resources. Once he attained his majority, Henry began to reassert royal prerogatives. The Saxons in particular opposed his regime, but Henry defeated them...

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