Fortification

At a glance:

A structural defense built to secure a body of persons against attack. Until the end of the 1800’s, fortified settlements were common in many forms—from Native American pueblos with defensive perimeters made of the joined walls of adobe dwellings to walled European towns. Other fortifications, such as the Great Wall of China and Hadrian’s Wall of Roman Britain, were designed as linear barriers, huge walls designed to channel the movements of invading forces. In the ancient world, the Romans brought the art of fortification to its apex. Indeed, some Roman fortresses and walled...

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