Ferdinand II and Isabella I

Article abstract: The Catholic monarchs directed Spain’s transition from medieval diversity to national unity. They achieved governmental and ecclesiastical reform, and established a continuing Spanish presence in Italy, America, and northern Africa.

Early Lives

Ferdinand and Isabella were each born to the second, much younger wives of kings. A much older half brother stood between each of them and the throne; their siblings died with considerable suspicion of poisoning. Thus the young prince and princess grew up the focus of intrigue. Their marriage...

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