Ferdinand II

Article abstract: While Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1619 to 1637, Ferdinand II sought to restore Roman Catholicism to the Protestant areas of the Empire and to assert Habsburg political hegemony throughout the Empire. His efforts directly resulted in the Thirty Years’ War in Germany, one of history’s most devastating wars.

Early Life

Ferdinand II was born in Graz, Austria, on July 9, 1578, the eldest son of Archduke Charles of Inner Austria (Styria) and Maria of Bavaria. The Europe into which he was born was filled not only with political...

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