Civil Wars of Rwanda and Burundi from 1959 to 2000

Article abstract: At issue: Hutu and Tutsi struggles for national supremacy. Result: Victory of the Tutsi-backed RPF in 1994 in Rwanda; ongoing dominance of the Tutsi government in Burundi.

Background

The major fault line in the civil wars of both Rwanda and Burundi resides in the long-standing differences between the predominantly agricultural Hutu and the cattle-herding Tutsi peoples. The latter migrated into the Great Lakes highland region during the 1400’s to 1500’s and became the landowning class in what is now Rwanda and Burundi. Hutus remained...

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