Cíbola, Seven Cities of

With their conquest of Mexico and Peru, sixteenth century Spaniards expected to find other rich cultures in the New World, including the Seven Cities of Cíbola. They believed that when the Moors had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the eighth century, seven Portuguese bishops fled toward the west and established the Seven Cities of Antilia. Early explorers of the Caribbean, including Christopher Columbus, searched for the bishops’ cities. They also named some of the islands after them—the Antilles.

In 1529 a Mexican Indian told the Spanish that his father had traded in the...

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