Catherine de Médicis

Article abstract: Catherine de Médicis contributed to maintaining a strong centralized monarchy in spite of challenges from noble and religious factions. Her attempts to balance Roman Catholic and Calvinist interests in France also encouraged at least a minimum of toleration in the seventeenth century.

Early Life

Catherine de Médicis’ father, Lorenzo de’ Medici, was capo dello stato in Florence, gonfalonier of the Church, and, after a victorious expedition, Duke of Urbino. His uncle, Pope Leo X, hoping to restore the Medicis to their...

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