Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

Article abstract: Type of action: Ground battle in the Reconquest of Spain. Result: Rout of Muslims left Al-Andalus open to further Christian gains, but pestilence and lack of supplies prevented immediate exploitation.

Muslim victories over the Knights of Calatrava in September, 1211, spurred Alfonso VIII of Castile to send Archbishop of Toledo Ximénes de Rada to Rome to ask Pope Innocent III to endorse a Spanish crusade. Ximénes preached the crusade in Italy, Germany, and France, and 70,000 northerners joined Alfonso’s 60,000 Spanish troops at Toledo in...

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