Arpeika

Article abstract: Arpeika was the only Seminole leader successfully to resist removal to the West.

Arpeika probably was born in Georgia and moved into Florida in the late eighteenth century as part of the migration of Creeks that created the Seminole Nation. A hillis haya, or medicine man, he became a revered figure among the Seminoles and was an ardent opponent of attempts by the U.S. government to remove the tribe to Indian Territory (modern Oklahoma). During the Second Seminole War (1835-1842), he became a military leader despite his advanced age,...

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