Antonio Garra

Article abstract: A leader of the{$IGarra Uprising} Garra Uprising, Antonio Garra attempted to halt white migration into California.

As chief of the Cupeño Indians living in Southern California at the headwaters of the San Louis Rey River, Antonio Garra opposed white expansion into California. As migration into the California region of white miners and ranchers, as well as of Mexicans and Mormons, intensified during the Gold Rush era, Garra sought to organize a united Indian revolt. Claiming that he could transform his enemies’ bullets into water, Garra and...

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