Alexander II

Article abstract: Called the czar liberator, Alexander emancipated the serfs in 1861, the first of political and legal reforms designed to quicken the pace of modernization in Russia. Despite the reforms, rising expectations caused dissidents to become radicalized. Hence, Alexander’s life was ended by political assassins, and reforms were suspended by his successor.

Early Life

Born in the Chudov Monastery in the Moscow kremlin on April 29, 1818, during Easter week, Alexander Nikolayevich Romanov was the oldest son of Czar Nicholas I (reigned...

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