Adrian IV

Article abstract: Adrian IV served as Vatican diplomat to Scandinavia and later established policies and direction that led the medieval papacy to its thirteenth century zenith of power.

Early Life

Few details are available on the early years of Nicholas Breakspear, or Brekespere, who later became Pope Adrian IV. He was born early in the twelfth century in Hertfordshire, England, where his father, Robert, was a younger son of a landed family with no hope of receiving an inheritance. A man of meager resources, Robert married and had two sons. Discouraged...

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