A Spanish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, Angel Garma was born June 24, 1904, in Bilbao, and died January 29, 1993, in Buenos Aires.

Garma, a Basque by birth and temperament, went to Madrid at the age of seventeen to study medicine. After completing his studies he left for Germany, where he was a student of Robert Gaupp and Karl Bonhoeffer. In 1929 he began a training analysis with Theodor Reik at the Berlin Institute of Psychoanalysis.

When he was twenty-seven Garma became a member of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Association (BPV) after presenting his now classic paper, "Die Realität und das Es in der Schizophrenie" (Reality and the Id in Schizophrenia), which he read in October 1931. This innovative essay questions the Freudian conception of psychosis. While Freud believed the psychotic repressed reality to satisfy the id, Garma claimed that the psychotic represses the id more than the neurotic, which disturbs his relation...