Project Editor

Project Editor

David Galens

Editorial

Jenny Cromie, Kathy D. Darrow, Elisabeth Gellert, Allison Marion, Lemma Shomali, Timothy J. Sisler, Carol Ullmann

© 2004 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license.

For more information, contact

The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our internet site at http://www.gale.com

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 91-118494

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN PC, VOLUME 50, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

Baranczak, Stanislaw. From Fugitive from Utopia: The Poetry of Zbigniew Herbert. Harvard University Press, 1987. Copyright © 1987 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.— Bishop, Ferman. From Allen Tate. Twayne Publishers, Inc. 1967. Copyright 1967 by Twayne Publishers, Inc. Reproduced by permission of Gale.—Bridgwater, Patrick. From August Stramm: Kritische Essays und unver©ffentlichtes Quellenmaterial aus dem Nachlaßdes Dichters. Translated by J. D. Adler and J. J. White. Erich Schmidt Verlag, 1979. Reproduced by permission.—Bridgwater, Patrick. From The German Poets of the First World War. St. Martin’s Press, 1985. Copyright © 1985 by Patrick Bridgwater. Reproduced by permission.—Dupree, Robert S. From Allen Tate and the Augustinian Imagination: A Study of the Poetry. Louisiana University Press, 1983. Copyright © 1983 by Louisiana University Press, 1983. Reproduced by permission.—England, Kenneth. From “Sidney Lanier in C Major,” in Reality and Myth: Essays in American Literature in Memory of Richmond Croom Beatty. Edited by William E. Walker and Robert L. Welker. Vanderbilt University Press, 1964. Copyright © 1964 by Vanderbilt University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Gabin, Jane S. From A Living Minstrelsy: The Poetry and Music of Sidney Lanier. Mercer University Press, 1985. Copyright © 1985 by Mercer University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Goldstein, Darra. From “The Heartfelt Poetry of Elena Shvarts,” in Fruits of Her Plume: Essays on Contemporary Russian Women’s Culture. Edited by Helen Goscilo. M. E. Sharpe, 1993. Copyright © 1993 by M. E. Sharpe, Inc. Reproduced by permission.— Gretlund, Jan Nordby. From Frames of Southern Mind: Reflections on the Stoic, Bi-Racial and Existential South. Odense University Press, 1998. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Kelly, Catriona. From A History of Russian Women’s Writing, 1820-1992. Oxford University Press Inc., 1994. Copyright © 1994 by Catriona Kelly. Reproduced by permission.—Leary, Lewis. From Southern Excursions: Essays on Mark Twain and Others. Louisiana State University, 1971. Copyright © 1971 by Lewis Leary. Reproduced by permission of Louisiana State University Press.—Lenhart, Charmenz S. From Musical Influence on American Poetry. University of Georgia Press, 1956. Copyright © 1956 by University of Georgia Press. All rights reserved. Copyright renewed © 1984 by Charmenz S. Lenhart. Reproduced by permission.— Mims, Edwin. From Sidney Lanier. Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1905. Copyright © 1905 by Houghton, Mifflin and Company.—Molnar, Michael. From ’Paradise’: Selected Poems, by Elena Shvarts. Bloodaxe Books. 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Michael Molnar. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Rubin, Louis D. From “The Serpent in the Mulberry Bush,” in Southern Renascence: The Literature of the Modern South. Edited by Louis D. Rubin, Jr. and Robert D. Jacobs. The John Hopkins Press, 1953. Copyright © 1953 by The John Hopkins Press, renewed 1981 by Louis Decimus Rubin, Jr., and Robert D. Jacobs. Reproduced by permission of Johns Hopkins University Press.—Sandler, Stephanie. From “Cultural Memory and Self-Expression in a Poem by Elena Shvarts,” in Reading Russian Poetry. Edited by Stephanie Sandler. Yale University Press, 1999. Copyright © 1999 by Yale University. Reproduced by permission.—Sandler, Stephanie. From “Elena Shvarts,” in Russian Women Writers, Volume 2. Edited by Christine D. Tomei. Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999. Copyright © 1999 by Christine D. Tomei. Reproduced by permission of Routledge/Taylor & Frances Books, Inc.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN PC, VOLUME 50, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

Herbert, Zbigniew, photograph by Jerry Bauer. Copyright © Jerry Bauer. Reproduced by permission.—Lanier, Sidney, photograph. Copyright © The Library of Congress.—Tate, Allen, photograph. Copyright © The Library of Congress.

Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board

The members of the Gale Group Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board—reference librarians and subject specialists from public, academic, and school library systems—represent a cross-section of our customer base and offer a variety of informed perspectives on both the presentation and content of our literature criticism products. Advisory board members assess and define such quality issues as the relevance, currency, and usefulness of the author coverage, critical content, and literary topics included in our series; evaluate the layout, presentation, and general quality of our printed volumes; provide feedback on the criteria used for selecting authors and topics covered in our series; provide suggestions for potential enhancements to our series; identify any gaps in our coverage of authors or literary topics, recommending authors or topics for inclusion; analyze the appropriateness of our content and presentation for various user audiences, such as high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, librarians, and educators; and offer feedback on any proposed changes/ enhancements to our series. We wish to thank the following advisors for their advice throughout the year.

Dr. Toby Burrows Mary Jane Marden

Principal Librarian Literature and General Reference Librarian The Scholars’ Centre St. Petersburg Jr. College University of Western Australia Library

Mark Schumacher

David M. Durant

East Carolina University University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Steven R. Harris Gwen Scott-Miller

English Literature Librarian Fiction Department Manager University of Tennessee Seattle Public Library