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ISSN 1052-4851

Poetry Criticism

Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature

Volume 47

David Galens

Project Editor

Project Editor

David Galens

Editorial

Jenny Cromie, Kathy D. Darrow, Elisabeth Gellert, Allison Marion, Lemma Shomali, Timothy J. Sisler, Carol Ullmann

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Poetry Criticism, Vol. 47

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ISSN 1052-4851

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COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IN PC, VOLUME 47, WAS REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

Bowering, George. From On the Poetry of Allen Ginsberg. Edited by Lewis Hyde. University of Michigan Press, 1984. Copyright © 1984 by the University of Michigan. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Ellis, Helen E. From The Proceedings of the Archibald MacLeish Symposium, May 7-8, 1982. Edited by Bernard A. Drabeck, Helen E. Ellis, and Seymour Rudin. University Press of America, 1988. Copyright © 1988 by The University Press of America, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Gibian, George. From The Achievement of Josef Skvorecky. Edited by Sam Solecki. The University of Toronto Press, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by The University of Toronto Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the Estate of George Gibian.—Henry, William A., III. From On the Poetry of Allen Ginsberg. Edited by Lewis Hyde. University of Michigan Press, 1984. Copyright © 1984 by the University of Michigan. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of Time Consumer Marketing.—Jones, Frederic J. From The Modern Italic Lyric. The University of Wales Press, 1986. Copyright © 1986 by The University of Wales Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Keller, Lynn. From Feminist Measures: Soundings in Poetry and Theory. Edited by Lynn Keller and Cristanne Miller. University of Michigan Press, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by the University of Michigan. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Livorni, Ernesto. From Italiana VII: L’Esilio Come Certezza, La Ricerca D’Identita Culturale in Italia Dalla Rivoluzione Francese Ai Nostri Giorni. Edited by Andrea Ciccarelli and Paolo A. Giordano. Bordighera Inc., 1998. Copyright © 1998 by Ernesto Livorni, Andrea Ciccarelli and Paolo Giordano. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Merrill, Thomas F. From Allen Ginsberg. Revised Edition. Twayne Publishers, 1988. Copyright © 1988 by G. K. Hall & Co. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the Gale Group.—Rexroth, Kenneth. From On the Poetry of Allen Ginsberg. Edited by Lewis Hyde. University of Michigan Press, 1984. Copyright © 1984 by the University of Michigan. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the Estate of Kenneth Rexroth.—Rumaker, Michael. From On the Poetry of Allen Ginsberg. Edited by Lewis Hyde. University of Michigan Press, 1984. Copyright © 1984 by the University of Michigan. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Trigilio, Tony. From “Strange Prophecies Anew”: Rereading Apocalypse in Blake, H. D., and Ginsberg. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by Associated University Presses, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Walters, Thomas N. From The Proceedings of the Archibald MacLeish Symposium, May 7-8, 1982. Edited by Bernard A. Drabeck, Helen E. Ellis, and Seymour Rudin. University Press of America, 1988. Copyright © 1988 by The University Press of America, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN PC, VOLUME 47, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

Ginsberg, Allen, photograph by Robert Frank. Reproduced by permission.—Hacker, Marilyn, 1975, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—MacLeish, Archibald, 1959, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Quasimodo, Salvatore, photograph. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Seifert, Jaroslav, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.

Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board

The members of the Gale Group Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board—reference librarians and subject specialists from public, academic, and school library systems—represent a cross-section of our customer base and offer a variety of informed perspectives on both the presentation and content of our literature criticism products. Advisory board members assess and define such quality issues as the relevance, currency, and usefulness of the author coverage, critical content, and literary topics included in our series; evaluate the layout, presentation, and general quality of our printed volumes; provide feedback on the criteria used for selecting authors and topics covered in our series; provide suggestions for potential enhancements to our series; identify any gaps in our coverage of authors or literary topics, recommending authors or topics for inclusion; analyze the appropriateness of our content and presentation for various user audiences, such as high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, librarians, and educators; and offer feedback on any proposed changes/ enhancements to our series. We wish to thank the following advisors for their advice throughout the year.

Dr. Toby Burrows Mary Jane Marden

Principal Librarian Literature and General Reference Librarian The Scholars’ Centre St. Petersburg Jr. College University of Western Australia Library

Mark Schumacher David M. Durant

Jackson Library Reference Librarian, Joyner Library

East Carolina University University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Steven R. Harris Gwen Scott-Miller

English Literature Librarian Fiction Department Manager University of Tennessee Seattle Public Library