Project Editor

David Galens

Editorial

Jenny Cromie, Kathy D. Darrow, Lisa Gellert, Madeline S. Harris, Allison Marion, Ellen McGeagh, Ron Morelli

Permissions

Debra Freitas, Margaret Chamberlain

© 2003 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license.

For more information, contact The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our internet site at http://www.gale.com

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher.

Poetry Criticism, Vol. 41

Imaging and Multimedia

Dean Dauphinais, Lezlie Light, Dan Newell

Product Design

Michael Logusz

This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information.

For permission to use material from the product, submit your request via the Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to:

Permisssions Department The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline: 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, etc. 8006 Fax 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058

Composition and Electronic Capture

Carolyn A. Roney

Manufacturing

Stacy L. Melson

Since this page cannot legibly accomodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice.

While every effort has been made to secure permission to reprint material and to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, the Gale Group neither guarantees the accuracy of the data contained herein nor assumes any responsibility for errors, omissions or discrepancies. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 76-46132

ISBN 0-7876-5967-3
ISSN 0091-3421

Printed in the United States of America 10987654321

v. 2, Spring, 1990. for “Randall Jarrell’s Poetry of Aerial Warfare,” by Alex A. Vardamis. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Western American Literature, v. 26, Summer, 1991; v. 33, Summer, 1998. Copyright © 1991, 1998 by the Western American Literature Association. Both reproduced by permission.—Western Humanities Review, v. 23, Autumn, 1969. Copyright © 1969, University of Utah. Reproduced by permission.—Western Illinois Regional Studies, v. 1, Spring, 1978. Reproduced by permission.—World Literature Today, v. 2, Autumn, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by the University of Oklahoma Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.—Yale Review, v. 79, Spring, 1990. Reproduced by permission.—Zeitschrift fur Anglistik und Amerikanistik: A Quarterly of Language, Literature, and Culture, v. 31, 1983 for “The Cycle of Life: Motifs in the Chicago Poems of Carl Sandburg,” by Anne-Marie Brumm. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.

COPYRIGHTED EXCERPTS IN PC, VOLUME 41, WERE REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:

Allen, Gay Wilson. From Carl Sandburg. University of Minnesota Press, 1972. Copyright © 1972 by University of Minnesota Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Baca, Jimmy Santiago. From Working in the Dark: Reflections of a Poet of the Barrio. Red Crane Books, 1992. Copyright © 1992 by Red Crane Books. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Benfey, Christopher. From Men Writing the Feminine: Literature, Theory, and the Question of Genders. University of New York Press, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by University of New York Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Cohen, Joseph. From The Poetry of Dannie Abse. Robson Books, 1983. Copyright © 1983 by Robson Books. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.Crowder, Richard. From The Vision of This Land: Studies of Vachel Lindsay, Edgar Lee Masters, and Carl Sandburg. Western Illinois University Press, 1976. Copyright © 1976 by Western Illinois University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Farnsworth, Elizabeth with Jimmy Santiago Baca. From “Jimmy Santiago Baca,” in Online NewsHour. (August 9, 2001) Reproduced by permission of the authors.—Gish, Robert Franklin. From Beyond Bounds: Cross Cultural Essays on Anglo, American-Indian & Chicano Literature. University of New Mexico Press, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by University of New Mexico Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Humphrey, Robert. From Themes and Directions in American Literature: Essays in Honor of Leon Howard. Purdue University Studies, 1969. Copyright © 1969 by Purdue University Studies. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Kulp-Hill, Kathleen. From Rosalia de Castro. Twayne Publishers, 1977. Copyright © 1977 by Twayne Publishers. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the permission of Macmillan Library Reference USA, a division of Ahsuog, Inc.—Lowell, Amy. From Tendencies in Modern American Poetry. Macmillan, 1917. Copyright © 1917 by Macmillan. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the permission of Macmillan Library Reference USA, a division of Ahsuog, Inc.—Lowell, Robert. From Robert Lowell: Collected Prose. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1987. Copyright © 1987 by Farrar, Straus & Giroux. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Mariani, Giglio Sacerdoti. From The Poetry of Dannie Abse. Robson Books, 1983. Copyright © 1983 by Robson Books. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Mayer, Charles W. From The Vision of This Land: Studies of Vachel Lindsay, Edgar Lee Masters, and Carl Sandburg. Western Illinois University Press, 1976. Copyright © 1976 by Western Illinois University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Orktenberg, Adrian. From A Gift of Tongues: Critical Challenges in Contemporary American Poetry. University of Georgia Press, 1987. Copyright © 1987 by University of Georgia Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Scannell, Vernon. From The Poetry of Dannie Abse. Robson Books, 1983. Copyright © 1983 by Robson Books. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Spiller, Robert E. From Literary History of the United States: History. Third Edition. Macmillan, 1963. Copyright © 1963 by Macmillan. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Untermeyer, Louis. From American Poetry. Henry Holt and Company, 1919. Copyright © 1919 by Henry Holt and Company. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Henry Holt and Company, LLC.—Van Doren, Mark. From Carl Sandburg: A Bibliography of Sandburg Materials In the Collections of the Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 1969. Copyright © 1969 by Library of Congress. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Wilcox, John C. From Women Poets of Spain, 1860-1990: Toward a Gynocentric Vision. University of Illinois Press, 1997. Copyright © 1997 by University of Illinois Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN PC, VOLUME 41, WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:

Abse, Dannie, photograph. Mark Gerson. Reproduced by permission.—Baca, Jimmy Santiago, photograph. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.—Jarrell, Randall, photograph. Mary von S. Jarrell for The Literary Estate of Randall Jarrell. Reproduced by permission.—Sandburg, Carl, photograph. Unknown Source.

Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board

The members of the Gale Group Literary Criticism Series Advisory Board—reference librarians and subject specialists from public, academic, and school library systems—represent a cross-section of our customer base and offer a variety of informed perspectives on both the presentation and content of our literature criticism products. Advisory board members assess and define such quality issues as the relevance, currency, and usefulness of the author coverage, critical content, and literary topics included in our series; evaluate the layout, presentation, and general quality of our printed volumes; provide feedback on the criteria used for selecting authors and topics covered in our series; provide suggestions for potential enhancements to our series; identify any gaps in our coverage of authors or literary topics, recommending authors or topics for inclusion; analyze the appropriateness of our content and presentation for various user audiences, such as high school students, undergraduates, graduate students, librarians, and educators; and offer feedback on any proposed changes/ enhancements to our series. We wish to thank the following advisors for their advice throughout the year.

Dr. Toby Burrows Mary Jane Marden

Principal Librarian Literature and General Reference Librarian The Scholars’ Centre St. Petersburg Jr. College University of Western Australia Library

Mark Schumacher David M. Durant Jackson Library Joyner Library University of North Carolina at Greensboro East Carolina University

Gwen Scott-Miller Steven R. Harris Assistant Director of Materials and Programming English Literature Librarian Sno-Isle Regional Library System University of Tennessee Marysville, WA