Dec 31, 2009
England's Richard II sets off for Ireland to put down a rebellion (see 1389). His wife, Anne of Bohemia, dies of plague at age 28, and he will remarry in 1396. The duke of Lancaster John of Gaunt's Castilian second wife, Constance, dies, and he marries his mistress Catherine Swynforth (he will have the four children that she has borne him legitimized in 1397).
The mercenary soldier Sir John Hawkwood (Giovanni Acuto) dies at his villa outside Florence at age 74 (approximate); the republic gives him a great public funeral.
Jobst of Moravia takes his cousin the Holy Roman Emperor Wenceslas of Bohemia prisoner. Johann I von Liechtenstein has been chamberlain of the Hapsburg duke Albrecht III's royal household for nearly 30 years and led the government on the duke's behalf but now loses virtually all of his family's territories, notably those south of the Danube. Hugo von Liechtenstein was the first member of the noble family to gain recognition (in 1136). Heinrich von Liechtenstein died in 1265 or 1266 after gaining suzerainty over Nicolsburge in southern Moravia. The family will work in the next few decades to consolidate its possessions in lower Austria and more especially in southern Moravia, but the family will reside in Vienna and Moravia until 1938 (see 1609).
The Japanese shōgun Yoshimitsu Ashikaga retires at age 35 after a 26-year rule that has seen the suppression of feudal lords in the southwest, resumption of trade with China, and construction of temples and palaces that have included Kyoto's Golden Pavilion. Yoshimitsu's son succeeds as shōgun.
The Korean city of Seoul is founded by Gen. Yi Songgye (see politics, 1392). He chooses the site of his capital not only for its central location but also because its surrounding hills make it militarily defensible (an 11-mile wall will be constructed in 1396 along the ridges of the hills) and because the nearby Han-gang River gives it easy access to inland waterways and to the Yellow Sea.
The antipope Clement VII dies at Avignon September 16 after a 15-year reign and is succeeded by Pedro de Luna, 66, who will reign until 1423 as the antipope Benedict XII. The new antipope has agreed to abdicate if that will help to end the division in the Church that began in 1378 (but see 1398).
New College at Oxford is founded by William of Wykeham, who 15 years ago founded Winchester College (see Corpus Christi, 1352; Lincoln, 1427).
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