- Paine, Thomas
- paired comparisons
- panel study
- panopticon
- pantheism
- para-religion
- paradigm
- paradigmatic and syntagmatic
- paralanguage
- parallel cousin
- parallel descent
- parametric statistics
- paranoia
- parasuicide
- parenthood
- Pareto optimality
- Pareto principle
- Pareto, Vilfredo
- Pareto-improvement
- pariah group
- Park, Robert Ezra
- Parkinson's law
- parliamentary government
- parole
- parsimony
- Parsons, Talcott
- partial regression coefficients
- participant observation
- participation rate
- participatory democracy
