écorché

écorché (French: ‘flayed’).
A representation of a figure with the skin removed, displaying the muscles. Drawings, prints, and statues of such figures, both human and animal (horses were particularly popular), were much used in art teaching from the 16th century. Stubbs's écorché figures of animals are well known and Houdon made a celebrated human écorché statue (1767, Schlossmuseum, Gotha).