Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, theOne of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, it was the tomb of the satrap Mausolus of Caria (reigned 377–353 BC). Begun shortly after 367, when Mausolus refounded Halicarnassus (mod. Bodrum, W. Turkey), it was finished after his wife Artemisia died in 351, and is perhaps best interpreted as his hero-shrine as city-founder. Its architect was Pythius of Priene; Vitruvius (De arch 7 pref. 12) records that he and Mausolus' court sculptor Satyrus wrote a book on the building, and he and Pliny the Elder (Naturalis historia 36. 31) note that four other sculptors joined them: Scopas, Bryaxis, Leochares, and either Praxiteles or Timotheus. Pliny also outlines the building's form, reports that Scopas and his colleagues each took one side of it, and adds that Pythius made the chariot-group that crowned it. It stood until...
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