National Laboratories
National Laboratories.Since the mid‐twentieth century, the U.S. government has supported hundreds of science and technology laboratories, many for military purposes. Those designated national laboratories combine wide‐ranging research and development programs with administration by the Department of Energy (1977) as government‐owned, contractor‐operated facilities. Although the national laboratory system traces its roots to World War II's atomic bomb project, only three have maintained significant roles in designing, developing, and engineering nuclear weapons: Los Alamos (1943), Sandia (1948), and Lawrence Livermore (1952). The two other major wartime laboratories, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory, abandoned military‐related work. An additional three national laboratories created subsequently—Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fermi Nation al Accelerator Laboratory, and Idaho National...
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